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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Azimuthally controlled nonlinear optical response in germanium-vacancy color centers

Ibrahim Salam Nafea, P. Rodrigues, H. Khalifa Alhitmi, P. Kanjariya, A. Rajiv, A. Shankhyan, S. Jaidka, S. Kumar, S. Widatalla, B. Jain, M. A. Nafea

Published Oct 14, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate theoretically the spatially dependent linear and nonlinear optical properties of a four-level germanium-vacancy center system in diamond, driven by coherent laser fields under electromagnetically induced transparency conditions. In our model, one of the strong coupling fields carries orbital angular momentum (OAM) and is treated as a composite vortex beam. By numerically solving the steady-state equations of the motion, we demonstrate that both linear and third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities are highly sensitive to the OAM value of the coupling field. Our results reveal that increasing the OAM induces spectral splitting, enhances Kerr nonlinearity, and enables the emergence of structured absorption and dispersion profiles with characteristic 2l-fold azimuthal symmetry. Notably, we identify the formation of nonlinear islands—localized spatial regions where strong Kerr nonlinearity coincides with minimal absorption. These islands are tunable via the OAM number and detuning parameters, providing a powerful mechanism for spatial control of light–matter interactions. This work offers new insights into OAM-mediated coherence effects in solid-state quantum systems and points toward promising applications in nonlinear photonics, optical information processing, and spatially structured quantum devices.

DOI
10.1364/josab.577105

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We investigate the generation of optical torque in coherently prepared multi-level atomic media driven by a vector vortex beam composed of two counter-rotating components carrying opposite orbital angular momenta, +lℏ+l\hbar+lℏ and −lℏ-l\hbar−lℏ. We consider a three-level ΛΛΛ configuration and a four-level tripod configuration. Using a perturbative steady-state solution of the optical Bloch equations, we obtain analytical expressions for both linear and nonlinear contributions to the optical torque. The results show that the torque is strongly controlled by atomic coherence, including the initial population imbalance and the relative phase between the vortex components. Nonvanishing torque can arise even when the two components have equal amplitudes, due to coherence-induced asymmetry in the atomic response. In the tripod configuration, the presence of a strong control field leads to electromagnetically induced transparency, which suppresses the torque near resonance and shifts the dominant response to finite detunings. These results establish a route for controlling light-induced rotational dynamics in atomic media using vector vortex fields, with potential applications in coherent optical manipulation and angular-momentum-based control in quantum systems.