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Scientific Reports

Spatially dependent optical behavior of a quantum dot molecule system

Zahra Amini Sabegh, D.B. Hayrapetyan

Published Jul 10, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the optical response of a closed-loop three-level quantum dot molecule driven by a structured Laguerre-Gaussian field carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM). Owing to the intrinsic phase sensitivity of the closed-loop configuration, the spatial phase structure of the coupling beam directly imprints on the probe-field dynamics, leading to a strongly spatially dependent optical response. As a result, phenomena such as Autler-Townes splitting, probe absorption, and amplification without inversion arise under both resonant and off-resonant conditions, with their spectral characteristics governed by the sign and magnitude of the OAM index. This OAM-controlled modulation of the optical response reveals a mechanism for phase-engineered light-matter interaction in quantum dot molecules. The results highlight the potential of this solid-state platform for structured light based quantum photonics, including quantum information processing, tunable slow and fast light, and high capacity optical data storage.

DOI
10.1038/s41598-026-61252-9

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We investigate the optical response of a closed-loop three-level quantum dot molecule driven by a structured Laguerre-Gaussian field carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM). Owing to the intrinsic phase sensitivity of the closed-loop configuration, the spatial phase structure of the coupling beam directly imprints on the probe-field dynamics, leading to a strongly spatially dependent optical response. As a result, phenomena such as Autler-Townes splitting, probe absorption, and amplification without inversion arise under both resonant and off-resonant conditions, with their spectral characteristics governed by the sign and magnitude of the OAM index. This OAM-controlled modulation of the optical response reveals a mechanism for phase-engineered light-matter interaction in quantum dot molecules. The results highlight the potential of this solid-state platform for structured light based quantum photonics, including quantum information processing, tunable slow and fast light, and high capacity optical data storage.
We investigate photon-photon entanglement via the Duan criterion within a three-level closed-loop system embedded in an ensemble of quantum dot molecules (QDMs). In this configuration, one of the interacting quantum modes is treated as a structured quantized field carrying a helical wavefront (Laguerre-Gaussian mode). We demonstrate that the resulting quantum entanglement exhibits a highly non-uniform spatial distribution across the transverse plane of the QDM ensemble. Due to the phase-sensitive nature of the closed-loop system, this spatial profile is strongly modulated by both the magnitude and sign of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) carried by the quantum mode. Our numerical results reveal that the entanglement pattern can be tailored from a uniform circular distribution into discrete multi-lobe structures. This precise spatial engineering of quantized photon entanglement opens up new avenues for high-dimensional quantum cryptography, spatially-multiplexed quantum communications, and the development of solid-state high-capacity quantum memories.
We investigate photon-photon entanglement via the Duan criterion within a three-level closed-loop system embedded in an ensemble of quantum dot molecules (QDMs). In this configuration, one of the interacting quantum modes is treated as a structured quantized field carrying a helical wavefront (Laguerre-Gaussian mode). We demonstrate that the resulting quantum entanglement exhibits a highly non-uniform spatial distribution across the transverse plane of the QDM ensemble. Due to the phase-sensitive nature of the closed-loop system, this spatial profile is strongly modulated by both the magnitude and sign of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) carried by the quantum mode. Our numerical results reveal that the entanglement pattern can be tailored from a uniform circular distribution into discrete multi-lobe structures. This precise spatial engineering of quantized photon entanglement opens up new avenues for high-dimensional quantum cryptography, spatially-multiplexed quantum communications, and the development of solid-state high-capacity quantum memories.
We theoretically demonstrate the transfer of orbital angular momentum (OAM) from a structured coupling beam to an initially planar probe field in a Λ\LambdaΛ-type quantum dot molecule (QDM) ensemble embedded in a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) host. The periodic dielectric anisotropy of the CLC acts as an intermediary channel, enabling topological charge transfer between the fields without establishing a phase-dependent closed-loop transition. Concurrently, electromagnetically induced transparency in the three-level QDM suppresses resonant absorption, ensuring high transmission for the generated vortex profile. This hybrid configuration avoids typical multipath loop requirements and provides a compact route for structured-light conversion and optical information processing.
We theoretically demonstrate the transfer of orbital angular momentum (OAM) from a structured coupling beam to an initially planar probe field in a Λ\LambdaΛ-type quantum dot molecule (QDM) ensemble embedded in a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) host. The periodic dielectric anisotropy of the CLC acts as an intermediary channel, enabling topological charge transfer between the fields without establishing a phase-dependent closed-loop transition. Concurrently, electromagnetically induced transparency in the three-level QDM suppresses resonant absorption, ensuring high transmission for the generated vortex profile. This hybrid configuration avoids typical multipath loop requirements and provides a compact route for structured-light conversion and optical information processing.
The effect of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light beams on the optical bistability (OB) phenomenon has been investigated in a three-level quantum system. In a first step, we consider a Λ -type configuration in which the coupling field is assumed as a Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beam. It is shown that the OB strength spatially depends on the intensity profile as well as the topological charge (TC) of the light beam. In a second scheme, we apply a strong microwave field to the lower level transition and obtain an analytical expression for the OB behavior of the probe field in the presence of an LG field in the multi-photon resonance condition. We analytically obtain a generalized input–output bistability relation for the systems containing the LG beam. More complicated phase-dependent OB profiles can be obtained for higher order LG modes due to the OAM transfer and classical interference between the generated field and applied fields. The results of this paper may provide a potential application of OB in generating simultaneously reconfigurable sets of various optical logic gates in the same structure, as well as in enhancing the capacity of fast volatile bit-level optical memories.
This study explores the influence of inter-dot tunneling effects within a quantum dot molecule on the Fresnel diffraction phenomenon. Our findings indicate that the Fresnel diffraction of the output probe Gaussian field can be manipulated by adjusting the inter-dot tunneling parameter's strength and the characteristics of the coupling field. The inter-dot tunneling effect establishes a closed-loop system, setting conditions for the interference of the applied fields. We specifically examine a Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) coupling field, investigating how its properties-such as strength, value, and sign of the orbital angular momentum (OAM)-impact the Fresnel diffraction of the output probe field. Increasing the inter-dot tunneling parameter and the coupling LG field's strength allows for control over the spatial distribution of the Fresnel diffraction pattern. Notably, the inter-dot tunneling parameter can disturb the symmetry of the diffraction patterns. Additionally, considering a negative OAM for the coupling LG field transforms the diffraction pattern into its inverse shape. This suggests that, in the presence of the inter-dot tunneling effect, the Fresnel diffraction pattern is contingent on the direction of rotation of the helical phase front of the coupling LG field. Our results offer insights into quantum control of Fresnel diffraction patterns and the identification of OAM in LG beams, presenting potential applications in quantum technologies.