Secure data communication is in growing demand in today's 6G era. Cryptographic schemes must be employed to protect the data over the air and facilitate secure communication. This paper proposes a novel quantum image encryption algorithm with Quantum True Random Number Generation (QTRNG) and an image-dependent 6D hyperchaotic system to enhance security. RX and RZ quantum gates generated Quantum True Random key sequences by introducing an exponential phase shift to the input. The encryption process integrates multistage DNA encoding and QTRNG to develop the initial encrypted image, which is represented by Novel Enhanced Quantum Representation (NEQR). The encrypted image is hashed using SHA-384 to generate 6D keys, followed by Quantum Fibonacci and bit-level scrambling to perform further quantum encryption. This process is repeated over three stages, each employing different hyperchaotic keys, DNA rules, and operations. The encryption metrics confirm the algorithm's reliability and robustness regarding security.
Secure data communication is in growing demand in today's 6G era. Cryptographic schemes must be employed to protect the data over the air and facilitate secure communication. This paper proposes a novel quantum image encryption algorithm with Quantum True Random Number Generation (QTRNG) and an image-dependent 6D hyperchaotic system to enhance security. RX and RZ quantum gates generated Quantum True Random key sequences by introducing an exponential phase shift to the input. The encryption process integrates multistage DNA encoding and QTRNG to develop the initial encrypted image, which is represented by Novel Enhanced Quantum Representation (NEQR). The encrypted image is hashed using SHA-384 to generate 6D keys, followed by Quantum Fibonacci and bit-level scrambling to perform further quantum encryption. This process is repeated over three stages, each employing different hyperchaotic keys, DNA rules, and operations. The encryption metrics confirm the algorithm's reliability and robustness regarding security.
In order to further improve the security and efficiency of quantum image encryption, a three-layer encryption scheme for quantum color images based on 6D hyperchaos is proposed for the improved quantum representation model. The sequences generated by the 6D hyperchaotic system are applied to each layer of image encryption as keys. First, the quantum Fibonacci matrix is used to scramble the pixel value positions of the image to achieve the spatial scrambling of the quantum image; then, the position exchange of red, green, and blue channels and the bit-level cycle shift of pixel value are carried out alternately to realize the bit-level scrambling of quantum images; Finally, the XOR operation is performed on the quantum image whose position has been scrambled to realize the bit-level diffusion of the quantum image and obtain the final encrypted image. Simulation results show that the encryption algorithm is highly sensitive to the initial key, and the pixel values of the encrypted image are evenly distributed. In addition, quantum circuits are designed to implement the image encryption steps of each layer.
Secure image transmission has become critical in the emerging quantum computing landscape. This research introduces a hybrid key quantum encryption approach that combines Quantum True Random Number Generation (QTRNG) and Quantum Pseudo Random Number Generation (QPRNG) to enhance security and efficiency. The proposed Quantum Hybrid Random Number Generator (QHRNG) integrates entanglement-based true randomness with structured pseudo-randomness using Hadamard, controlled rotation and Clifford gates to generate high-entropy encryption keys. The generated Quantum keys are applied to encrypt grayscale images using the Novel Enhanced Quantum Image Representation (NEQR). The encryption process is strengthened by quantum bit-level scrambling and selective Quantum Fourier Transform. The proposed method is implemented on Qiskit’s Aer and Basic simulators and validated on IBM’s torino quantum hardware. Compared to standalone QTRNG and QPRNG methods, QHRNG consistently provides higher randomness and stronger security in noisy and noiseless environments. This work offers a robust and future-ready framework for quantum secure image encryption.
Secure image transmission is increasingly vital in the digital era, especially against emerging quantum threats. This study proposes a hybrid image encryption scheme that integrates Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) using the BB84 protocol with a combination of 7-dimensional (7D) and 2-dimensional (2D) hyperchaotic systems to achieve robust security. The BB84 protocol facilitates quantum-assisted key exchange, ensuring resistance to eavesdropping, while the hyperchaotic systems provide high entropy and complex randomness, utilized in a layered permutation-substitution encryption framework. The initial seeds for chaotic sequences are derived using a SHA-512 hash of both the input image and quantum-generated key, ensuring uniqueness and sensitivity. Experimental validation was conducted using several benchmark images. The information entropy values of the ciphered images reached up to 7.9993, indicating excellent randomness. Differential analysis showed high resistance to small perturbations, with NPCR exceeding 99.61% and UACI averaging around 33.47%, which meet standard security thresholds. Histogram and chi-square tests confirmed the uniform pixel distribution, with chi-square values below 280, satisfying the randomness criterion for 8-bit images. Furthermore, correlation coefficients of adjacent pixels dropped to near zero, evidencing effective decorrelation. The encryption scheme also demonstrated robustness to data loss, as shown by the successful decryption of partially corrupted cipher images. Robustness testing under partial data loss (200×200-pixel blocks) also demonstrated visual recoverability and algorithm resilience. Overall, the proposed BB84-assisted dual-hyperchaotic encryption scheme offers a secure and computationally effective solution for protecting sensitive image data, making it suitable for post-quantum secure communications.
With the growing demand for highly secure medical data transmission, this research introduces a fused cryptography framework that integrates mathematical quantum computing operations with advanced classical encryption techniques. The proposed method incorporates quantum principles, including quantum walks, quantum-based cyclic shift operators, quantum XOR operations, and quantum key image generation with classical methods such as bit-plane extraction and hyperchaotic system-based scrambling. A hyperchaotic map generates random key sequences to produce both a spatial domain random image and a quantum key image. The medical image is first decomposed into eight bit-planes, and only the high-information bit-planes (HIBPs) undergo encryption to optimize computational efficiency. HIBPs are scrambled using multilayer, block-wise, and diagonal permutations based on the chaotic sequences. Quantum encryption is then applied, starting with novel enhanced quantum representation encoding, followed by Baker map-based scrambling and quantum XOR diffusion to secure the final ciphertext. Extensive experiments, including entropy evaluation, noise attack resilience, clipping attack robustness, and correlation analysis, confirm the superior security and performance of the proposed method. Notably, the algorithm achieves near-ideal results, such as an entropy of 7.9999, a correlation coefficient of 0.0001, 98% plaintext recovery after 30% noise corruption, and 96% recovery after 25% ciphertext clipping, demonstrating its robustness for secure medical data transmission.
Ensuring patient secrecy and maintaining data integrity are critical in healthcare information security. With increasing demands for stronger protection in the management and storage of medical images, this study introduces an innovative framework utilizing chaos-based quantum encryption for enhanced security. This approach combines a DNA codec with the QFBT (Quantum Fibonacci Transform), creating a unique dual-encryption method for quantum color images. The process begins with converting a standard color image to quantum data through GQIR (Generalized Quantum Image Representation) technique. A DNA codec then encodes and decodes the pixel color data of the quantum image, achieving pixel-level diffusion. Finally, the QFBT is applied to scramble the image's spatial data. The resulting transformed image is then used as the key matrix in quantum XOR functions. Findings from the experiment indicate that both the correlation and peak value of the encrypted image histograms show strong similarity. The mean NPCR (Normalized Pixel Change Rate) for the RGB channels is 99.63%, while UACI (Uniform Average Change Intensity) is 33.43%. Additionally, the mean information entropy is approximately 7.9992. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of QDIES in providing robust security for medical image data.
In order to increase the security and robustness of quantum images, this study combined the quantum DNA codec with quantum Hilbert scrambling to offer an enhanced quantum image encryption technique. Initially, to accomplish pixel-level diffusion and create enough key space for the picture, a quantum DNA codec was created to encode and decode the pixel color information of the quantum image using its special biological properties. Second, we used quantum Hilbert scrambling to muddle the image position data in order to double the encryption effect. In order to enhance the encryption effect, the altered picture was then employed as a key matrix in a quantum XOR operation with the original image. The inverse transformation of the encryption procedure may be used to decrypt the picture since all the quantum operations employed in this research are reversible. The two-dimensional optical image encryption technique presented in this study may significantly strengthen the anti-attack of quantum picture, according to experimental simulation and result analysis. The correlation chart demonstrates that the average information entropy of the RGB three channels is more than 7.999, the average NPCR and UACI are respectively 99.61% and 33.42%, and the peak value of the ciphertext picture histogram is uniform. It offers more security and robustness than earlier algorithms and can withstand statistical analysis and differential assaults.