Secure image transmission has become critical in the emerging quantum computing landscape. This research introduces a hybrid key quantum encryption approach that combines Quantum True Random Number Generation (QTRNG) and Quantum Pseudo Random Number Generation (QPRNG) to enhance security and efficiency. The proposed Quantum Hybrid Random Number Generator (QHRNG) integrates entanglement-based true randomness with structured pseudo-randomness using Hadamard, controlled rotation and Clifford gates to generate high-entropy encryption keys. The generated Quantum keys are applied to encrypt grayscale images using the Novel Enhanced Quantum Image Representation (NEQR). The encryption process is strengthened by quantum bit-level scrambling and selective Quantum Fourier Transform. The proposed method is implemented on Qiskit’s Aer and Basic simulators and validated on IBM’s torino quantum hardware. Compared to standalone QTRNG and QPRNG methods, QHRNG consistently provides higher randomness and stronger security in noisy and noiseless environments. This work offers a robust and future-ready framework for quantum secure image encryption.
Secure image transmission has become critical in the emerging quantum computing landscape. This research introduces a hybrid key quantum encryption approach that combines Quantum True Random Number Generation (QTRNG) and Quantum Pseudo Random Number Generation (QPRNG) to enhance security and efficiency. The proposed Quantum Hybrid Random Number Generator (QHRNG) integrates entanglement-based true randomness with structured pseudo-randomness using Hadamard, controlled rotation and Clifford gates to generate high-entropy encryption keys. The generated Quantum keys are applied to encrypt grayscale images using the Novel Enhanced Quantum Image Representation (NEQR). The encryption process is strengthened by quantum bit-level scrambling and selective Quantum Fourier Transform. The proposed method is implemented on Qiskit’s Aer and Basic simulators and validated on IBM’s torino quantum hardware. Compared to standalone QTRNG and QPRNG methods, QHRNG consistently provides higher randomness and stronger security in noisy and noiseless environments. This work offers a robust and future-ready framework for quantum secure image encryption.
Secure data communication is in growing demand in today's 6G era. Cryptographic schemes must be employed to protect the data over the air and facilitate secure communication. This paper proposes a novel quantum image encryption algorithm with Quantum True Random Number Generation (QTRNG) and an image-dependent 6D hyperchaotic system to enhance security. RX and RZ quantum gates generated Quantum True Random key sequences by introducing an exponential phase shift to the input. The encryption process integrates multistage DNA encoding and QTRNG to develop the initial encrypted image, which is represented by Novel Enhanced Quantum Representation (NEQR). The encrypted image is hashed using SHA-384 to generate 6D keys, followed by Quantum Fibonacci and bit-level scrambling to perform further quantum encryption. This process is repeated over three stages, each employing different hyperchaotic keys, DNA rules, and operations. The encryption metrics confirm the algorithm's reliability and robustness regarding security.
Cryptography is evolving to meet the demands of future cyber technologies, but classical cryptographic methods remain vulnerable to interception. Cryptographic techniques struggle to address the evolving landscape of cybersecurity threats, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) emerges as a superior alternative, leveraging quantum mechanics principles such as superposition and entanglement for secure key exchanges. This chapter details the implementation of a Quantum True Random Number Generator (QTRNG) using fundamental single-qubit operation including Hadamard (H), Rotation (RZ) and square-root NOT (SX) gates using IBM Quantum Platform. We evaluate the integration of this QTRNG across several discrete variable QKD protocols: BB84, B92, E91, T22, Differential Phase Shift, and SARG04. The study focuses on how the QTRNG contributes to the randomness and security of these protocols, demonstrating its effectiveness in producing high-quality quantum keys that meet rigorous cryptographic standards.
Over the past few years, quantum computing has been evolving, raising concerns about how long our existing encryption methods will remain reliable. Given this, random number generators that are both high entropy and secure from quantum threats are needed. In this research, we present a hybrid random number generator system designed to produce quantum-resistant cryptographic keys to mitigate the risk of future quantum adversaries. This HRNG design integrates true entropy of a quantum random number generator (QRNG) and combines it with the high-speed performance of a ChaCha20-based pseudo random number generator (PRNG). This approach successfully balances the speed of classical algorithms with quantum unpredictability. When integrated with symmetric (AES, Blowfish, Triple DES, IDEA) and asymmetric (RSA, ECC) encryption algorithms, it maintained high-speed encryption performance without any difficulties from the limitations of physical QRNG. By avoiding hardware constraints and performance bottlenecks, the HRNG provides a deployable entropy solution that easily integrates into existing cryptographic systems.
True randomness is a basic necessity of secure cryptography. This secures the reliability of encryption keys, digital signatures and authentication mechanisms. Classical random number generators based on deterministic algorithms can introduce patterns and decrease reliability. This paper introduces a Quantum True Random Number Generator (QTRNG) takes advantage of the intrinsic unpredictability of quantum mechanics. The proposed quantum circuit usesRY(π/2)andRZ(π/2)rotations to create superposition states like Hadamard operation. These gates control the phase and orientation of qubits on the Bloch sphere yields measurement outcomes are inherently random. The resulting distributions are unbiased and balanced offers a source of true randomness. The quality of the generated bitstrings is verified using statistical tests such as the NIST SP 800-22, SP 800-90 test suites and autocorrelation tests. The measurements show high entropy, uniform distribution and low bias satisfy the basic requirements for cryptographic security. Phase-based quantum operations provide an efficient for producing high-quality quantum randomness facilitates the construction of effective quantum-secure cryptographic systems.
In the era of digitization secure transmission of digital images has become essential in real world applications. Image encryption is an effective technique for protecting image data from unauthorized access. The security of encrypted data strongly depends on the quality of the random numbers used as the encryption key. In this paper, we proposed a hybrid random number generator based on quantum fluctuations and an algorithmically inspired rotating wheel. The wheel contains integer values from 0 to 255 that are shuffled using quantum fluctuations generated by time-evolving the quantum kicked rotor model. There are four pre-defined tapping positions in the rotating wheel to collect the number sequences. The wheel rotation speed is dynamically varied after each set of tapping to enhance unpredictability. The entropy of the number sequence obtained from the rotating wheel attains the ideal value of 8 (in an 8 bit representation). Further, the generated number sequences exhibit a flat histogram and nearly zero correlation, indicating strong randomness. The generated sequences are applied to the image encryption and analyzed cryptographically. Experimental results demonstrate a near ideal entropy of 7.997, an NPCR of 99.60%, low correlation in all directions, and low PSNR for encrypted images. These results confirm that the proposed random number generator achieves efficient and high-security performance, making it suitable for the security of consumer applications such as mobile healthcare imaging, biometric authentication, QR-based and multimedia communication on smart devices.
This paper presents a new quantum image encryption (QIE) algorithm that integrates a newly developed 4D Quantum Logistic-Jerk Hyperchaotic System (4D-QLJHS) with a quantum image representation (QIR) model, enabling secure and efficient image transmission.By reducing qubit usage and circuit depth, the proposed QIE framework significantly improves quantum resource efficiency.Additionally, incorporating the enhanced 4D-LJHS map strengthened security and resistance against both quantum and classical attacks, surpassing the robustness and scalability of current quantum image encryption techniques.The new 4D-QLJHS is created by combining a logistic map and a jerk system, and then converted to a quantum hyperchaotic system using a Hamiltonianbased method.These systems help create a Quantum Pseudo-Random Number Generator (QPRNG) that generates random bit sequences used to alter and rearrange data at the quantum bit-plane level during the encryption process.The quantum encryption method uses the Quantum Image Representation based on Bit Planes (QIRBP) model, which enables modifying individual pixels and color channels via CNOT and SWAP gates.We evaluate various statistical tests to confirm the security and efficiency of our system.The experiments demonstrate that the system is highly secure, featuring adequate randomness, robust protection against specific attacks, and uniform distribution in the encrypted image data.Experimental simulations of some images indicate that the system provides a satisfactory level of security for image encryption, given the computational costs.This makes it suitable for real-time image communication where security is a priority.