With the growing demand for highly secure medical data transmission, this research introduces a fused cryptography framework that integrates mathematical quantum computing operations with advanced classical encryption techniques. The proposed method incorporates quantum principles, including quantum walks, quantum-based cyclic shift operators, quantum XOR operations, and quantum key image generation with classical methods such as bit-plane extraction and hyperchaotic system-based scrambling. A hyperchaotic map generates random key sequences to produce both a spatial domain random image and a quantum key image. The medical image is first decomposed into eight bit-planes, and only the high-information bit-planes (HIBPs) undergo encryption to optimize computational efficiency. HIBPs are scrambled using multilayer, block-wise, and diagonal permutations based on the chaotic sequences. Quantum encryption is then applied, starting with novel enhanced quantum representation encoding, followed by Baker map-based scrambling and quantum XOR diffusion to secure the final ciphertext. Extensive experiments, including entropy evaluation, noise attack resilience, clipping attack robustness, and correlation analysis, confirm the superior security and performance of the proposed method. Notably, the algorithm achieves near-ideal results, such as an entropy of 7.9999, a correlation coefficient of 0.0001, 98% plaintext recovery after 30% noise corruption, and 96% recovery after 25% ciphertext clipping, demonstrating its robustness for secure medical data transmission.
With the growing demand for highly secure medical data transmission, this research introduces a fused cryptography framework that integrates mathematical quantum computing operations with advanced classical encryption techniques. The proposed method incorporates quantum principles, including quantum walks, quantum-based cyclic shift operators, quantum XOR operations, and quantum key image generation with classical methods such as bit-plane extraction and hyperchaotic system-based scrambling. A hyperchaotic map generates random key sequences to produce both a spatial domain random image and a quantum key image. The medical image is first decomposed into eight bit-planes, and only the high-information bit-planes (HIBPs) undergo encryption to optimize computational efficiency. HIBPs are scrambled using multilayer, block-wise, and diagonal permutations based on the chaotic sequences. Quantum encryption is then applied, starting with novel enhanced quantum representation encoding, followed by Baker map-based scrambling and quantum XOR diffusion to secure the final ciphertext. Extensive experiments, including entropy evaluation, noise attack resilience, clipping attack robustness, and correlation analysis, confirm the superior security and performance of the proposed method. Notably, the algorithm achieves near-ideal results, such as an entropy of 7.9999, a correlation coefficient of 0.0001, 98% plaintext recovery after 30% noise corruption, and 96% recovery after 25% ciphertext clipping, demonstrating its robustness for secure medical data transmission.
Ensuring patient secrecy and maintaining data integrity are critical in healthcare information security. With increasing demands for stronger protection in the management and storage of medical images, this study introduces an innovative framework utilizing chaos-based quantum encryption for enhanced security. This approach combines a DNA codec with the QFBT (Quantum Fibonacci Transform), creating a unique dual-encryption method for quantum color images. The process begins with converting a standard color image to quantum data through GQIR (Generalized Quantum Image Representation) technique. A DNA codec then encodes and decodes the pixel color data of the quantum image, achieving pixel-level diffusion. Finally, the QFBT is applied to scramble the image's spatial data. The resulting transformed image is then used as the key matrix in quantum XOR functions. Findings from the experiment indicate that both the correlation and peak value of the encrypted image histograms show strong similarity. The mean NPCR (Normalized Pixel Change Rate) for the RGB channels is 99.63%, while UACI (Uniform Average Change Intensity) is 33.43%. Additionally, the mean information entropy is approximately 7.9992. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of QDIES in providing robust security for medical image data.
In the age of digital technology, medical images play an important role in the healthcare industry, which aids surgeons in making precise decisions and reducing the diagnosis time. However, the storage of large amounts of these images in third-party cloud services raises privacy and security concerns. There are a lot of classical security mechanisms to protect them. Although, the advent of quantum computing entails the development of quantum-based encryption models for healthcare. There is a significant demand for resource-efficient, quantum-secure image encryption mechanisms that leverage existing classical infrastructure. Hence, in this paper, a novel quantum chaos-based encryption scheme for medical images has been introduced. The model utilizes bit-plane scrambling, a 3D quantum logistic map, quantum operations in the diffusion phase, a hybrid chaotic map, and DNA encoding in the confusion phase to transform the plain medical image into a cipher medical image. The proposed scheme has been evaluated using multiple statistical analyses and validated against more attacks such as differential attacks, known and chosen plaintext attacks with three different medical datasets, and theoretically, as well. Hence, the introduced encryption model has proved to be more attack-resistant and robust than other existing image encryption schemes, ensuring the secure storage of medical images in cloud environments.
The proposed work delves into the utilization of chaotic maps along with the quantum mechanisms to strengthen the security of the digital images along with addressing the limitations posed by conventional 1-D chaotic systems characterized by their pseudorandom and periodic attributes. Leveraging the inherent uncertainty in quantum theory, the proposed research introduces a new image encryption scheme. This method is built upon the concepts of two-dimensional quantum coding and the 1-D sine-based chaotic map (1-D SBCM). In the proposed encryption scheme, initially, a random sequence is created using 1-D SBCM by varying the seed parameters. This sequence is subsequently utilized for the purpose of scrambling. After that, a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) is meticulously devised, drawing inspiration from the concepts of quantum coherence. This PRNG generates a confidential code stream that defies predictability and remains incongruent with the plaintext image, thereby contributing to heightened security levels. Subsequently, the research employs the novel enhanced quantum representation (NEQR) model, capitalizing on its advanced capabilities. Within this framework, the study introduces a quantum right cyclic shift operator, as well as a quantum XOR operator. These operators play a vital role in the formation of highly robust encrypted images. The application of these quantum operators not only enhances the security measures but also increases the complexity of the encryption procedure Statistical evidence derived from comprehensive experimentation corroborates the efficacy of the proposed image encryption scheme. Through rigorous analysis, it becomes evident that the system exhibits a robust performance in terms of strong security. The integration of quantum principles and quantum coding demonstrates that the proposed encryption scheme is resilient against potential threats.
In the domain of Internet of Things (IoT) applications, quantum computers offer the promise of addressing complex computational issues that traditional cryptographic methods find challenging. The unparalleled computational power of quantum computers makes existing cryptographic schemes, tailored to mitigate computational complexity, ineffective. This research introduces a robust encryption scheme designed specifically for digital data exchanged between IoT devices such as smartphones, smart sensors, and smart health monitoring devices. The proposed encryption framework is based on bit-plane extraction-based encryption, the chaotic sine model, the hyperchaotic map, the quantum baker map, and quantum operations such as quantum selective scrambling. The proposed methodology involves three key phases: the first and last phase related to permutation, which is performed at the bit level based on discrete bit-plane scrambling, bit-plane extraction, and hyperchaotic mapping. However, the second phase is based on diffusion, which depends on the chaotic sine model. During the initial stage, creating correlations among image pixels, along with a couple of chaotic sequences using a quantum baker map, is accomplished through a superposition of quantum- states. Before applying diffusion, the pixels of the grayscale image are encoded using a single qubit, and quantum operations are based on a quantum circuit featuring swap gates. To introduce pixel-level permutation, a hyperchaotic map generates random sequences within the range of 0 to 255. A circular shift further shuffles the pixel rows and pixel columns of the permuted image pixels. To enhance the digital image security further, bit-planes are extracted from the permuted bit-planes. Then, the bits within each bit plane are scrambled using a random sequence generated by the hyperchaotic map. Finally, the encoded bit planes are merged to produce a final encrypted image. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, with security parameters such as correlation, entropy, and key space measuring at 0.0001, 7.999, and >2100, respectively. Furthermore, to assess performance in relation to computational complexity, a detailed analysis of computational time is conducted. The results reveal that the proposed encryption scheme can execute all encryption steps presented in the proposed method in less than one second. These findings demonstrate the secure transmission of digital data between IoT devices and show the suitability of the proposed encryption scheme for real-time applications.
Abstract Quantum computation can improve the efficiency of image processing by utilizing parallelism and superposition characteristics. In this paper, a quantum cryptosystem based on Baker map and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) circular shift operation is designed. Firstly, the digital image to be encrypted is firstly represented with a novel enhanced quantum representation model. Then quantum Baker map is used to permutate the position information of the prepared quantum image. Next, the designed DNA circular shift operation is performed to preliminarily change the color information of the scrambled image. Finally, the ciphertext image is obtained by implementing the exclusive OR (XOR) operation between the pseudo-random sequence generated by a four-dimensional (4D) hyper-chaotic system and the DNA shift operated image. Numerical experimental results and security analysis verify that the proposed scheme has good performance at securing information storage and transmission as the histograms of ciphertexts are uniform, the correlation coefficient values of three directions are very close to 0, the average information entropy is 7.9972, the key space is more than 10 15×4 to resist brute-force attack. Furthermore, it has lower computational complexity compared with classical algorithms.
Secure image transmission is increasingly vital in the digital era, especially against emerging quantum threats. This study proposes a hybrid image encryption scheme that integrates Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) using the BB84 protocol with a combination of 7-dimensional (7D) and 2-dimensional (2D) hyperchaotic systems to achieve robust security. The BB84 protocol facilitates quantum-assisted key exchange, ensuring resistance to eavesdropping, while the hyperchaotic systems provide high entropy and complex randomness, utilized in a layered permutation-substitution encryption framework. The initial seeds for chaotic sequences are derived using a SHA-512 hash of both the input image and quantum-generated key, ensuring uniqueness and sensitivity. Experimental validation was conducted using several benchmark images. The information entropy values of the ciphered images reached up to 7.9993, indicating excellent randomness. Differential analysis showed high resistance to small perturbations, with NPCR exceeding 99.61% and UACI averaging around 33.47%, which meet standard security thresholds. Histogram and chi-square tests confirmed the uniform pixel distribution, with chi-square values below 280, satisfying the randomness criterion for 8-bit images. Furthermore, correlation coefficients of adjacent pixels dropped to near zero, evidencing effective decorrelation. The encryption scheme also demonstrated robustness to data loss, as shown by the successful decryption of partially corrupted cipher images. Robustness testing under partial data loss (200×200-pixel blocks) also demonstrated visual recoverability and algorithm resilience. Overall, the proposed BB84-assisted dual-hyperchaotic encryption scheme offers a secure and computationally effective solution for protecting sensitive image data, making it suitable for post-quantum secure communications.