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EPJ Web of Conferences

Simultaneous Frequency Conversion and Spectral-Temporal Shaping of Single-Photon Pulses

Michał Mikołajczyk, Ali Golestani, Rex H. S. Bannerman, James C. Gates, Peter G. R. Smith, Michał Karpiński

Published Jan 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate a quantum interface that simultaneously converts the wavelength, bandwidth, and duration of single-photon-level pulses, enabling compatibility between disparate quantum systems. Using difference frequency generation in a lithium niobate waveguide driven by a highly chirped pump, we transform pulses from 798 nm, 5 GHz, 150 ps (quantum dot-like) to 1300 nm, 35 GHz, < 25 ps (telecom standard). This nonlinear optical time lens achieves over 80% internal conversion efficiency and compresses output pulses below detector resolution. The device offers a compact solution for integrating quantum emitters, memories, and telecom networks, with potential for further pulse shape control.

DOI
10.1051/epjconf/202533506011

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We demonstrate a quantum interface that simultaneously converts the wavelength, bandwidth, and duration of single-photon-level pulses, enabling compatibility between disparate quantum systems. Using difference frequency generation in a lithium niobate waveguide driven by a highly chirped pump, we transform pulses from 798 nm, 5 GHz, 150 ps (quantum dot-like) to 1300 nm, 35 GHz, < 25 ps (telecom standard). This nonlinear optical time lens achieves over 80% internal conversion efficiency and compresses output pulses below detector resolution. The device offers a compact solution for integrating quantum emitters, memories, and telecom networks, with potential for further pulse shape control.
We demonstrate a quantum interface that simultaneously converts the wavelength, bandwidth, and duration of single-photon-level pulses, enabling compatibility between disparate quantum systems. Using difference frequency generation in a lithium niobate waveguide driven by a highly chirped pump, we transform pulses from 798 nm, 5 GHz, 150 ps (quantum dot-like) to 1300 nm, 35 GHz, < 25 ps (telecom standard). This nonlinear optical time lens achieves over 80% internal conversion efficiency and compresses output pulses below detector resolution. The device offers a compact solution for integrating quantum emitters, memories, and telecom networks, with potential for further pulse shape control.
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Abstract Quantum networks typically operate in the telecom wavelengths to take advantage of low-loss transmission in optical fibres. However, bright quantum dots (QDs) emitting highly indistinguishable quantum states of light, such as InGaAs QDs, often emit photons in the near infrared thus necessitating frequency conversion (FC) to the telecom band. Furthermore, the signal quality of quantum emissions is crucial for the effective performance of these networks. In this work we report a method for simultaneously implementing spectral purification and frequency shifting of single photons from QD sources to the c-band in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide. We consider difference frequency generation in the counter-propagating configuration to implement FC with the output emission bandwidth in units of GHz. Our approach establishes a clear path to integrating high-performance single-emitter sources in a hybrid quantum network.
Quantum frequency converters are key enabling technologies in photonic quantum information science to bridge the gap between quantum emitters and telecom photons. Here, we report a coherent frequency converter scheme combining a fiber-coupled nonlinear optical lithium niobate waveguide with a fiber-pigtailed single-photon source based on semiconductor quantum dots. Single and indistinguishable photons are converted from 925.7 nm to the telecommunication C-band, with a 48.4% end-to-end efficiency and full preservation of single-photon purity and indistinguishability. The integration of the two fiber-based modules achieving top-level performance represents an important step toward the practical interconnection of future quantum information processing systems operating at different wavelengths.
Quantum frequency conversion is a widely used technique to interface atomic systems with the telecom band in order to facilitate propagation over longer distances in fiber. Here, we demonstrate the difference-frequency conversion from 606 nm to 1552 nm of microsecond-long weak coherent pulses at the single-photon level compatible with Pr\mathrm{Pr}Pr3+{}^{3+}3+:Y\mathrm{Y}Y2{}_{2}2​SiO\mathrm{Si}\mathrm{O}SiO5{}_{5}5​ quantum memories, with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We use a single-step difference-frequency-generation process with a continuous-wave pump at 994 nm in a periodically poled lithium niobate (MgO\mathrm{Mg}\mathrm{O}MgO:ppLN) waveguide and ultranarrow spectral filtering down to a bandwidth of 12.5 MHz. With this setup, we achieve the conversion of weak coherent pulses of duration up to 13.6 \textmu{}s with a device efficiency of about 25 % and an SNR >460 for 10-$\text{\ensuremath{\mu}}\mathrm{s}$-long pulses containing one photon on average. This SNR is large enough to enable a high-fidelity conversion of qubits emitted from an emissive quantum memory based on Pr\mathrm{Pr}Pr3+{}^{3+}3+:Y\mathrm{Y}Y2{}_{2}2​SiO\mathrm{Si}\mathrm{O}SiO5{}_{5}5​ and to realize an interface with quantum processing nodes based on narrow-linewidth cavity-enhanced trapped ions.
Quantum frequency converters are key enabling technologies in photonic quantum information science to bridge the gap between quantum emitters and telecom photons. Here, we report a coherent frequency converter scheme combining a fiber-coupled nonlinear optical Lithium Niobate waveguide with a fiber-pigtailed single-photon source based on semiconductor quantum dots. Single and indistinguishable photons are converted from 925.7 nm to the telecommunication C-band, with a 48.4% end-to-end efficiency and full preservation of single-photon purity and indistinguishability. The integration of the two fiber-based modules achieving top-level performance represents an important step toward the practical interconnection of future quantum information processing systems operating at different wavelengths.