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Security and Privacy

Quantum Cryptography‐Inspired Hypertext Transfer Protocol for Secured Communication Networks: Challenges, Architecture, Applications, and Future Research

Mohammad Wazid, Ashok Kumar Das, Vivekananda Bhat K

Published Aug 25, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

ABSTRACT Historically, the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) and hypertext transfer protocol secure (HTTPS) have been vital tools for web communication, serving to assure the safety and transmission of data in conventional networks. However, HTTPS protects sensitive information, like login passwords and personal details, from interception by unauthorized entities during Internet browsing. It fundamentally creates a secure link for digital communication. In spite of this, the introduction of quantum computing and quantum Internet has brought to light the limitations of classical protocols (i.e., HTTP and HTTPS) in terms of scalability, performance, and security. This has led to the investigation of quantum alternatives, such as quantum cryptography‐inspired hypertext transfer protocol (QCHTTP). In this paper, a general architecture model belonging to QCHTTP is proposed. Furthermore, a comparative study on HTTP, HTTPS, and QCHTTP is provided along with the features of these protocols that are highlighted. Furthermore, the challenges related to QCHTTP are discussed. Next, various applications of QCHTTP are discussed. The practical implementation of QCHTTP is also provided. Finally, the work is concluded with some important remarks and future research directions associated with QCHTTP.

DOI
10.1002/spy2.70087

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ABSTRACT Historically, the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) and hypertext transfer protocol secure (HTTPS) have been vital tools for web communication, serving to assure the safety and transmission of data in conventional networks. However, HTTPS protects sensitive information, like login passwords and personal details, from interception by unauthorized entities during Internet browsing. It fundamentally creates a secure link for digital communication. In spite of this, the introduction of quantum computing and quantum Internet has brought to light the limitations of classical protocols (i.e., HTTP and HTTPS) in terms of scalability, performance, and security. This has led to the investigation of quantum alternatives, such as quantum cryptography‐inspired hypertext transfer protocol (QCHTTP). In this paper, a general architecture model belonging to QCHTTP is proposed. Furthermore, a comparative study on HTTP, HTTPS, and QCHTTP is provided along with the features of these protocols that are highlighted. Furthermore, the challenges related to QCHTTP are discussed. Next, various applications of QCHTTP are discussed. The practical implementation of QCHTTP is also provided. Finally, the work is concluded with some important remarks and future research directions associated with QCHTTP.
Quantum cryptography promises a revolutionary transformation in secure data transmission by leveraging fundamental principles of quantum mechanics such as superposition, entanglement, and no-cloning. As classical encryption methods face increasing vulnerabilities from powerful adversaries and emerging quantum computers, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and quantum-resistant algorithms offer unprecedented security advantages. This article explores the future landscape of quantum cryptography, analyzing QKD protocols, post-quantum cryptographic models, hardware requirements, communication architectures, and the evolving threat landscape. Two graphs illustrate the growth of global QKD deployment and the performance comparison of classical vs. quantum-resistant encryption schemes. Key challenges—including scalability, interoperability, cost, and standardization—are discussed alongside future opportunities in hybrid quantum-classical secure networks. The article concludes with a forward-looking assessment of how quantum cryptography will reshape secure communication in the coming decade.
In the era of information technology the need for secure communication has become increasingly important. Cryptography is a technology for creating the core of information security we use cryptography for making data secure which is the science of information protection from unauthorized interception and tempering. Most modern cryptographic studies design cryptosystems and algorithms using mathematical concepts which are based either on factorization or on discrete logarithm problem. In recent years quantum information research has lead to the discovery of a number of remarkable new paradigms for information processing and communication. These developments include quantum cryptography schemes that offer unconditionally secure information transport guaranteed by quantum-mechanical laws, which provide protection of system security, and optimization of system efficiency and detects intrusion and wiretap. Today quantum cryptography is used in various application for transferring secure data without the fear of keys being compromised. This paper reviews the various areas where quantum  cryptography is successfully implemented, its advantages disadvantages & technical issues.
Cyberspace has become the most popular carrier of information exchange in every corner of our life, which is beneficial for our life in almost all aspects. With the continuous development of science and technology, especially the quantum computer, cyberspace security has become the most critical problem for the Internet in near future. In this paper, we focus on analyzing characteristics of the quantum cryptography and exploring its advantages of it in the future Internet. It is worth noting that we analyze the quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol in the noise-free channel. To include real practical stimulators, there are developed various QKD Schemes for the noisy channels. Here we develop the unconditional security of quantum cryptography theoretically, which is suitable for the Internet as ever-increasing challenges are inevitable in the future. Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses individual light quanta in quantum superposition states to guarantee unconditional communication security between distant parties. In practice, the achievable distance for QKD has been limited to a few hundred kilometers, due to the channel loss of fibers or terrestrial free space that exponentially reduced the photon rate. Also experimentally it is proved that the Satellite-based QKD promises to establish a global-scale quantum network by exploiting the negligible photon loss and decoherence in the empty space. In this paper, we also give some introduction to various public-key cryptography and also touch on the various functions, advantages, and disadvantages of quantum cryptography and the need for quantum cryptography in the future as in data encoding, and digital signatures, and many more. It also covers the various securities issue of our current cryptography system. Different protocols BB84 i.e., the first QKD protocol also some other protocols, and finally the future directions of quantum cryptography followed by the conclusion of the paper.
Quantum internet is an innovative approach to secure communication. Quantum internet is the next revolution in technology that enables the devices to perform operations that are beyond the classical internet. Quantum internet with quantum cryptography is one of the best solutions for secure data communication. Quantum internet uses the fundamental laws of quantum physics, which make it secure against sophisticated network attacks. In this research, the authors described quantum cryptography, which enhances the secure transmission over quantum internet using cryptographic protocols. These protocols use random bits transformations, which prevent attackers to make out the patterns of random bits transformations. Also, they introduced the conceptual OSI model for quantum internet, which makes it easy to understand the working of the quantum internet at different layers. Quantum internet can be implemented in intelligence network, satellite communication, critical infrastructure, etc. This can mark a significant change in secure communication.
Through the application of principles from quantum physics, quantum cryptography is a cutting-edge technology that offers unparalleled protection for communication protocols. The fundamental concepts of quantum cryptography are discussed in this article. These principles include quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols like BB84 and E91, as well as their use in the process of constructing secure communication channels to ensure confidentiality. For the purpose of detecting any unlawful interception of information, quantum cryptography makes use of quantum properties such as superposition and entanglement. This provides a technique of secure communication that has the potential to be unbreakable. The research investigates the current state of quantum cryptography research, which includes recent advancements, challenges, and potential future directions. The study highlights the critical significance of quantum cryptography in addressing security concerns within modern communication networks in the face of increasing cyber threats.
The uses of computer communications networks technologies have increased the incidents of computer abuse. Because of these incidents, most organizations facing pressure to protect their assets. Most digital networks generally rely on modern cryptosystems to secure the confidentiality and integrity of traffic carried across the network. The current modern cryptosystems based on mathematical model introduce potential security holes related to technological progress of computing power, the key refresh rate and key expansion ratio, the most crucial parameters in the security of any cryptographic techniques. For that reason efforts have been made to establish new foundation for cryptography science in the computer communications networks. One of these efforts has led to the development of quantum cryptography technology, whose security relies on the laws of quantum mechanics [1,2,3,20, 24]. This research paper concentrates on quantum cryptography, and how this technology contributes to the network security. The scope of this research paper is to cover the weaknesses, and the security pitfalls in modern cryptography, fundamental concepts of quantum cryptography, the real - world application implementation of this technology, finally the future direction in which the quantum cryptography is headed forwards.