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IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security (HST)

Quantum cryptography: An emerging technology in network security

Mehrdad S. Sharbaf

Published Nov 1, 2011• 47 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The uses of computer communications networks technologies have increased the incidents of computer abuse. Because of these incidents, most organizations facing pressure to protect their assets. Most digital networks generally rely on modern cryptosystems to secure the confidentiality and integrity of traffic carried across the network. The current modern cryptosystems based on mathematical model introduce potential security holes related to technological progress of computing power, the key refresh rate and key expansion ratio, the most crucial parameters in the security of any cryptographic techniques. For that reason efforts have been made to establish new foundation for cryptography science in the computer communications networks. One of these efforts has led to the development of quantum cryptography technology, whose security relies on the laws of quantum mechanics [1,2,3,20, 24]. This research paper concentrates on quantum cryptography, and how this technology contributes to the network security. The scope of this research paper is to cover the weaknesses, and the security pitfalls in modern cryptography, fundamental concepts of quantum cryptography, the real - world application implementation of this technology, finally the future direction in which the quantum cryptography is headed forwards.

DOI
10.1109/ths.2011.6107841

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The uses of computer communications networks technologies have increased the incidents of computer abuse. Because of these incidents, most organizations facing pressure to protect their assets. Most digital networks generally rely on modern cryptosystems to secure the confidentiality and integrity of traffic carried across the network. The current modern cryptosystems based on mathematical model introduce potential security holes related to technological progress of computing power, the key refresh rate and key expansion ratio, the most crucial parameters in the security of any cryptographic techniques. For that reason efforts have been made to establish new foundation for cryptography science in the computer communications networks. One of these efforts has led to the development of quantum cryptography technology, whose security relies on the laws of quantum mechanics [1,2,3,20, 24]. This research paper concentrates on quantum cryptography, and how this technology contributes to the network security. The scope of this research paper is to cover the weaknesses, and the security pitfalls in modern cryptography, fundamental concepts of quantum cryptography, the real - world application implementation of this technology, finally the future direction in which the quantum cryptography is headed forwards.
Quantum cryptography is a technology that ensures ultimate security. Compared to current cryptography that could be defeated by by the development of an ultra high-speed computer, quantum cryptography ensures secure communication because it is based on the fundamental physical laws. It is an emerging technology in which two parties may simultaneously generate shared, secret cryptographic key material using the transmission of quantum states of light. Quantum cryptography is a new method for secret communications offering the ultimate security assurance of the inviolability of a Law of Nature. The quantum cryptography relies relies on two important elements of quantum mechanics-the Heisenberg Uncertainty principle and the principle of photon polarization. This research paper concentrates on the principle of quantum cryptography, and how this technology contributes to the network security. This paper outlines the real world application implementation of this technology and the future direction in which quantum cryptography accelerates.
Quantum cryptography is an emerging technology in which two parties can secure network communications by applying the phenomena of quantum physics. The security of these transmissions is based on the inviolability of the laws of quantum mechanics. Quantum cryptography was born in the early seventies when Steven Wiesner wrote "Conjugate Coding", which took more than ten years to end this paper. The quantum cryptography relies on two important elements of quantum mechanics - the Heisenberg Uncertainty principle and the principle of photon polarization. The Heisenberg Uncertainty principle states that, it is not possible to measure the quantum state of any system without distributing that system. The principle of photon polarization states that, an eavesdropper can not copy unknown qubits i.e. unknown quantum states, due to no-cloning theorem which was first presented by Wootters and Zurek in 1982. This research paper concentrates on the theory of quantum cryptography, and how this technology contributes to the network security. This research paper summarizes the current state of quantum cryptography, and the real-world application implementation of this technology, and finally the future direction in which the quantum cryptography is headed forwards.
Quantum cryptography is an emerging technology in which two parties can secure network Communications by applying the phenomena of quantum physics. The security of these transmissions is based on the inviolability of the laws of quantum mechanics. Quantum cryptography was born in the early seventies when Steven wiesner wrote “conjugate coding”. The quantum cryptography relies on two important elements of quantum mechanics-the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and the principle of photon polarization. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that, it is not possible to measure the quantum state of any system without distributing that system. The principle of photon polarization states that, an eavesdropper cannot copy unknownqubits i.e. unknown quantum states, due to no-cloning Theorem which was first presented by wootters andzurek in 1982.this research paper concentrates on the theory of quantum cryptography, and how this technology contributes to the network security. This research paper summarizes the current state of Quantum cryptography, and the real world application implementation of this technology and finally the future direction in which quantum cryptography is forwards
In the last few decades, cryptographic algorithms have been based on the fundamental operation of factoring large integers into their primes, which is considered to be “INTRACTABLE,” but contemporary cryptography is vulnerable to both technological advancements in computing power and mathematical advances that enable swift reversal of one-way functions like that of factoring large integers. Therefore, the approach is to include quantum physics into encryption, which results in an assessment of quantum cryptography. One of the newest areas in the realm of computer science is quantum cryptography. By using the principles ofquantum physics, two parties can use this important technology to protect network connections.The principles of quantum mechanics provide a theoretical foundation for highly securecommunication systems. This paper summarizes the current state of quantum cryptography,the implementation of this technology in real-world applications, and finally the direction inwhich the quantum cryptography is headed forward. Quantum cryptography (QC) is basedon two key aspects of quantum mechanics: first one is the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principleand second one is the Principle of Photon Polarization. To provide a unified perspective ofsecure communication technologies, this survey introduces a taxonomy that relates classical,modern, and quantum cryptographic paradigms and classifies major quantum cryptographicprimitives, protocols, and emerging quantum networking technologies.
The emergence of quantum computing poses significant risks to conventional network security, prompting researchers to focus on developments in quantum cryptography, particularly Quantum Key Distribution (QKD).According to research, it has been found that traditional security methods, like RSA encryption, could potentially be at risk from quantum algorithms.On the other hand, quantum cryptography is a field of study that leverages the principles of quantum mechanics to improve the security of communication.One of the techniques used in quantum cryptography is Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), which makes use of the unique properties of quantum particles such as photons to securely distribute encryption keys and detect any potential eavesdropping attempts, thanks to the uncertainty principle.Nevertheless, the integration of QKD into current network infrastructures poses significant challenges due to the required technological advancements.This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the fundamental principles underlying quantum cryptography, the obstacles that arise during its implementation, and its potential prospects for protecting against the risks posed by advancements in quantum computing.Furthermore, this study delves into the potential consequences of these technological advancements across different industries and emphasizes the need to create algorithms that can withstand quantum attacks to guarantee strong data security in the age of digitalization.
In the era of information technology the need for secure communication has become increasingly important. Cryptography is a technology for creating the core of information security we use cryptography for making data secure which is the science of information protection from unauthorized interception and tempering. Most modern cryptographic studies design cryptosystems and algorithms using mathematical concepts which are based either on factorization or on discrete logarithm problem. In recent years quantum information research has lead to the discovery of a number of remarkable new paradigms for information processing and communication. These developments include quantum cryptography schemes that offer unconditionally secure information transport guaranteed by quantum-mechanical laws, which provide protection of system security, and optimization of system efficiency and detects intrusion and wiretap. Today quantum cryptography is used in various application for transferring secure data without the fear of keys being compromised. This paper reviews the various areas where quantum  cryptography is successfully implemented, its advantages disadvantages & technical issues.