In this study, we have compared different Rydberg atom-based microwave electrometry techniques under the same experimental conditions and using the same Rydberg states (68S1/2, 68P3/2, and 67P3/2). The comparison was carried out for the following techniques: (i) auxiliary microwave field, (ii) microwave amplitude modulation, and (iii) polarization spectroscopy. Our results indicate that all three techniques have a similar minimum measurable microwave electric field. A slightly better result can be obtained by performing polarization spectroscopy using a Laguerre–Gauss coupling laser beam.In this study, we have compared different Rydberg atom-based microwave electrometry techniques under the same experimental conditions and using the same Rydberg states (68S1/2, 68P3/2, and 67P3/2). The comparison was carried out for the following techniques: (i) auxiliary microwave field, (ii) microwave amplitude modulation, and (iii) polarization spectroscopy. Our results indicate that all three techniques have a similar minimum measurable microwave electric field. A slightly better result can be obtained by performing polarization spectroscopy using a Laguerre–Gauss coupling laser beam.

AtomsJun 20, 20250 citations

Rydberg atoms in microwave fields

Thomas F. Gallagher

Annual Meeting Optical Society of AmericaJan 1, 19930 citations

Sensing electric and magnetic components of microwave fields using Rydberg and ground-state atoms

Tobias Thiele, Joannis Koepsell, Yiheng Lin +5 more

Bulletin of the American Physical SocietyJun 9, 20170 citations

Comparison of Different Rydberg Atom-Based Microwave Electrometry Techniques

Eliel Leandro Alves Junior, Manuel Alejandro Lefrán Torres, Jorge Douglas Massayuki Kondo +1 more

In this study, we have compared different Rydberg atom-based microwave electrometry techniques under the same experimental conditions and using the same Rydberg states ( $68S_{1/2}$ , $68P_{3/2}$ and $67P_{3/2}$ ). The comparison was carried out for the following techniques: i) Auxiliary microwave field, ii) Microwave amplitude modulation, and iii) Polarization spectroscopy. Our results indicate that all three techniques have a similar minimum measurable microwave electric field. A slightly better result can be obtained by performing polarization spectroscopy using a Laguerre-Gauss coupling laser beam.In this study, we have compared different Rydberg atom-based microwave electrometry techniques under the same experimental conditions and using the same Rydberg states ($68S_{1/2}$, $68P_{3/2}$ and $67P_{3/2}$). The comparison was carried out for the following techniques: i) Auxiliary microwave field, ii) Microwave amplitude modulation, and iii) Polarization spectroscopy. Our results indicate that all three techniques have a similar minimum measurable microwave electric field. A slightly better result can be obtained by performing polarization spectroscopy using a Laguerre-Gauss coupling laser beam.

arXiv:2504.20201Apr 28, 20250 citations

Theoretical analysis of an electrometer based on microwave-dressed Rydberg atoms using a quantum interferometer

Dong Zhang, Minwei Shi, Ding Huang +5 more

Rydberg atoms have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in the precise sensing microwave (MW) fields. Previous studies on Rydberg atom-based electrometers (RAEs) have predominantly focused on absorption measurements. Recently, phase-sensitive RAEs employing Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) have been demonstrated, though their performance remains constrained by the standard quantum limit (SQL). In this study, we combine RAEs with advanced quantum interferometrics to enhance MW field sensing. Within the framework of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes (AT) splitting, the noise of our enhanced electrometer is suppressed below the photon shot noise (PSN) in measuring light dispersion through microwave-dressed atoms, when utilizing phase squeezed states. In our theory, the optimal sensitivity of the MW field can reach 1.36 × 10 −11 V/m/Hz 1/2 with a dressed MW field strength of 2.4 × 10 −4 V/m within a balanced SU(1,1) interferometer.Rydberg atoms have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in the precise sensing microwave (MW) fields. Previous studies on Rydberg atom-based electrometers (RAEs) have predominantly focused on absorption measurements. Recently, phase-sensitive RAEs employing Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) have been demonstrated, though their performance remains constrained by the standard quantum limit (SQL). In this study, we combine RAEs with advanced quantum interferometrics to enhance MW field sensing. Within the framework of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes (AT) splitting, the noise of our enhanced electrometer is suppressed below the photon shot noise (PSN) in measuring light dispersion through microwave-dressed atoms, when utilizing phase squeezed states. In our theory, the optimal sensitivity of the MW field can reach 1.36 × 10 −11 V/m/Hz 1/2 with a dressed MW field strength of 2.4 × 10 −4 V/m within a balanced SU(1,1) interferometer.

Optics ExpressJan 16, 20252 citations

Measuring Microwaves via Absorption and Dispersion in Rydberg Atoms

Daniel T. Stack, Paul D. Kunz, David H. Meyer +1 more

Bulletin of the American Physical SocietyMay 25, 20160 citations

In this study, we have compared different Rydberg atom-based microwave electrometry techniques under the same experimental conditions and using the same Rydberg states (

68S_{1/2}

68P_{3/2}

and

67P_{3/2}

). The comparison was carried out for the following techniques: i) Auxiliary microwave field, ii) Microwave amplitude modulation, and iii) Polarization spectroscopy. Our results indicate that all three techniques have a similar minimum measurable microwave electric field. A slightly better result can be obtained by performing polarization spectroscopy using a Laguerre-Gauss coupling laser beam.