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Optics Express

Fiber laser-pumped Ti:sapphire laser with ultra-low-intensity noise and frequency stabilization for quantum precision measurement applications

Yingjie Ma, Yutong Wang, Xinxiu Zhou, Wenyu Liu, Jingcheng Shang

Published Aug 19, 2025• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We developed a fiber-laser-pumped Ti:sapphire laser system designed for quantum precision measurement applications. By employing a 35 W single-frequency 532 nm fiber laser as the pump source, the system delivered continuous-wave output powers of 4.12 W at 770.108 nm (D 1 line, K), 4.72 W at 780.244 nm (D 2 line, Rb), and 5.29 W at 794.982 nm (D 1 line, Rb), thereby fulfilling the requirements for optical pumping and probing of alkali atoms. To enhance frequency stability, saturated absorption spectroscopy was used to lock the laser frequency, resulting in frequency drifts below 1 MHz over two hours. Furthermore, since low-frequency intensity noise (DC-100 Hz) critically affects spin-relaxation-free quantum sensing, we carried out a theoretical analysis which identified the pump laser as the dominant noise source. By implementing feedback control to the pump source as well as an external noise suppression, both methods achieved over 30 dB of intensity noise suppression within the DC-4kHz frequency range. In addition, improved beam pointing stability further reduced noise below 3 Hz. These results collectively demonstrate the system’s strong potential for quantum sensing applications.

DOI
10.1364/oe.572405

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We developed a fiber-laser-pumped Ti:sapphire laser system designed for quantum precision measurement applications. By employing a 35 W single-frequency 532 nm fiber laser as the pump source, the system delivered continuous-wave output powers of 4.12 W at 770.108 nm (D 1 line, K), 4.72 W at 780.244 nm (D 2 line, Rb), and 5.29 W at 794.982 nm (D 1 line, Rb), thereby fulfilling the requirements for optical pumping and probing of alkali atoms. To enhance frequency stability, saturated absorption spectroscopy was used to lock the laser frequency, resulting in frequency drifts below 1 MHz over two hours. Furthermore, since low-frequency intensity noise (DC-100 Hz) critically affects spin-relaxation-free quantum sensing, we carried out a theoretical analysis which identified the pump laser as the dominant noise source. By implementing feedback control to the pump source as well as an external noise suppression, both methods achieved over 30 dB of intensity noise suppression within the DC-4kHz frequency range. In addition, improved beam pointing stability further reduced noise below 3 Hz. These results collectively demonstrate the system’s strong potential for quantum sensing applications.
Precise laser stabilization is a fundamental aspect of modern metrology, directly influencing the accuracy of fundamental measurements in fields such as high-precision metrology, atomic sensor applications, and quantum technologies. Saturation absorption spectroscopy (SAS) is one of the most effective techniques for achieving high spectral stability, as it enables laser frequencies to be locked to atomic resonances. This technique exploits the nonlinear interaction between a weaker probe beam and a stronger pump beam within a rubidium (Rb) atomic vapor cell. By eliminating Doppler broadening, SAS allows well-defined hyperfine transitions to be resolved, providing a reliable optical frequency reference. This study aims to optimize laser frequency stabilization using the SAS technique by investigating the effects of laser light polarization, atomic vapor cell temperature, and pump-probe power adjustments. Polarization-dependent selection rules influence transition probabilities, thereby affecting spectral contrast and frequency stability. Additionally, atomic density variations, which depend on the vapor cell temperature, influence signal strength and linewidth, necessitating precise temperature control for optimal performance. Furthermore, the pump power must be sufficient to induce saturation without excessive power broadening, while the probe power must remain low enough to prevent spectral line distortion. By optimizing polarization, temperature, and power parameters, the stabilization of the Rb atomic laser can be enhanced, leading to improved reproducibility and consistency in high-precision measurements. SAS-based laser stabilization is particularly crucial for atomic sensor applications and quantum technologies, where highly stable, narrow-linewidth lasers are essential for precision measurements. Applications such as atomic magnetometers, gyroscopes, and inertial navigation systems depend on precisely stabilized lasers for optimal performance. By enhancing the reliability of laser frequency stabilization, this work contributes to the advancement of next-generation atomic sensors with improved sensitivity and stability.
We demonstrate the generation of 20.2 W of continuous-wave, low-intensity noise, single-frequency light at 840 nm, obtained via sum-frequency mixing of two high-power infrared fiber laser systems in an MgO-doped periodically poled lithium niobate (ppLN) crystal. Subsequent cavity-enhanced frequency doubling to 420 nm yields an output power of 15.2 W. Respective conversion efficiencies of 48% and 79% are achieved for the sum-frequency and second-harmonic stages, with good beam quality (M 2 < 1.3), low intensity noise (<0.05% RMS [1 kHz–10 MHz]), and long-term continuous operation. Relative intensity noise and frequency noise of the generated signals are experimentally characterized.
We experimentally present a high-efficiency generation of low-noise 447 nm laser by frequency doubling of a Ti:sapphire laser in an external ring cavity with a PPKTP crystal. The maximum blue laser power of 308 mW has been obtained and the corresponding conversion efficiency can reach 70%, when 440 mW infrared laser is injected. Moreover, the noise of the resulting blue laser can reach the quantum noise limit when the analyzing frequency is above 1.5 MHz. Our system provides an ideal pump field for an optical parametric amplifier for the generation of non-classical states of light matching matter absorption line.
High-stability single-frequency fiber lasers typically exhibit relative intensity noise that is far in excess of shot noise across a broad frequency range extending from dc to many tens of megahertz. This excess noise precludes the use of these fiber lasers in a range of precision interferometry and quantum optics applications. We present experimental results using a passive, highQ, fiber ring resonator to filter out up to 26 dB of excess laser intensity noise, resulting in a stabilized laser output that reaches the shot-noise limit over most of its signal spectrum.
Optical lattices for coherently manipulating ultracold atoms demand high-power, low-noise, narrow-line-width, and continuous-wave lasers. Here, we report the implementation of a 30 W 532 nm low-noise laser by second harmonic generation from a 1064 nm fiber laser, which is capable to generate optical lattices for a quantum gas microscope of Rb87 atoms. The overall conversion efficiency is 59% at an input power of 51 W with a lithium triborate crystal coupled to a ring cavity. The relative intensity noise of the output laser is suppressed to -120 dBc/Hz in the range of 10 Hz-100 kHz with a high dynamic range of over 50 dB, which is suitable for long-term trapping and coherent manipulation of the quantum gases.
Laser intensity noise limits performance in quantum sensing, metrology, and computing. Existing stabilization methods face a trade-off between bandwidth and complexity: electronic feedback loops are speed-limited, while optical resonators are constrained by narrow linewidths and locking requirements. Here, we demonstrate an all-optical "noise eater" that passively suppresses intensity fluctuations from DC to >10 gigahertz. By leveraging high-efficiency second-harmonic generation in nanophotonic lithium niobate waveguides, we operate at a pump-depletion stationary point where input fluctuations are decoupled from the output to first order. This passive and nonresonant nanophotonic device suppresses relative intensity noise by 25 to 60 dB over the full measurement bandwidth and stabilizes a noisy fiber amplifier output to the shot-noise limit. Our results establish a scalable, wide-bandwidth paradigm for laser stabilization essential for high-throughput quantum technologies and deployable photonic sensing systems.