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Advanced Quantum Technologies

Coherent Perfect Photon Absorption Assisted by an Auxiliary Cavity

Yang Zhang, Yun‐zhi Du, Li‐qiang Zhang, Chang‐shui Yu

Published Aug 3, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract A coherent perfect absorption (CPA) scheme is theoretically analyzed in a three‐cavity system comprising two linear cavities and an auxiliary cavity. On account of the quantum interference stemming from the presence of the coupled auxiliary cavity, CPA can be realized by appropriately tuning system parameters. It is also demonstrated that coupling to the auxiliary cavity is the necessary and sufficient condition for the system to exhibit CPA behavior. Furthermore, by adjusting the relative phase between the input fields, asymmetric destructive interference occurs between the two cavity sides. Consequently, the output field intensity, which depends on the relative phase, can be utilized to achieve nonreciprocal opacity. The results may provide a purely optical platform for application in the development of photon control.

DOI
10.1002/qute.202500330

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We propose and analyze a scheme for tunable coherent perfect absorption (CPA) and near-perfect reflection (near CPR) in a three-level $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$-type atom-cavity system. With electromagnetically-induced-transparency-type interference induced by a coherent coupling laser, it provides a method of tunable near CPR at two-photon resonance. By virtue of different coupling strengths, CPA can be tuned from the linear regime to the nonlinear or bistable regime at a fixed input-field frequency. In addition, the CPA regime can be switched to the near-CPR regime with variable linear absorption or gain by an incoherent pump field. This work suggests a mechanism for manipulation on perfect absorption and reflection theoretically which can potentially be applied to logical gates and optical switches for coherent optical computing and communication.
Abstract We propose a scheme to investigate the coherent control of the output field in an asymmetrical cavity with and without atom interaction. We show that the system displays the phenomenon of nonreciprocal opacity and that broken cavity spatial symmetry is the sufficient and necessary condition to achieve nonreciprocal opacity when the relative phase of the input fields vanishes. Moreover, we also include the effect of the relative phase produced by the incoming fields and show how it realizes and modifies the nonreciprocal opacity in a symmetrical cavity. As a key result, we find that either the participation of atom–cavity interaction or the relative phase can promote the nonreciprocal opacity into a wider operating regime. Our findings show that, although nonreciprocal opacity is analogous to the optical diode effect and our system behaves like an optical isolator, it can still be operated in both forward and backward directions simultaneously.
Coherent perfect absorption provides a method of light-controlling-light and has practical applications in optical communications. Recently, a cavity-based nonlinear perfect photon absorption extends the coherent perfect absorber (CPA) beyond the linear regime. As nanowire-based system is a more competitive candidate for full-optical device, we introduce a nonlinear CPA in the single two-level atom–nanowires coupling system in this work. Nonlinear input–output relations are derived analytically, and three contributions of atomic saturation nonlinearity are explicit. The consociation of optical nonlinearity and destructive interference makes it feasible to fabricate a nonlinear monoatomic CPA. Our results also indicate that a nonlinear system may work linearly even when the incoming lights are not weak any more. Our findings show promising applications in full-optical devices.
We present an alternative route to realize coherent perfect absorption (CPA) and subnatural narrowing by vacuum-induced coupling (VIC) between excited levels of an atomic ensemble in an optical nanofiber (ONF) cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) system. By employing the VIC arising from quantum interference between the spontaneous emission pathways from the upper excited doublet to one common ground state in the three-level VVV-type atoms, a very narrow absorption resonance can be observed in the generated dark-state spectral window owing to quantum destructive interference between the spontaneous emission pathways. The spectroscopic output feature exhibits a reduced linewidth, which is much narrower than both the empty-cavity linewidth and the atomic transition linewidth. As a check, the approximate analytical results for the ONF cavity-output power and linewidth of interest agree well with the numerical simulations. Furthermore, we find that the CPA can be used to probe the existence of the VIC effect. By tuning the relative phase between the two input light fields appropriately, the conversion between the CPA and coherent perfect transmission (CPT) can be realized in both the linear and nonlinear excitation regimes, i.e., the relative phase can switch the ONF CQED system from a perfect photon absorber to a nearly perfect photon transmitter. Also, we analyze the optical bistability of the ONF CQED system and its phase dependence in the nonlinear excitation regime. Such interference control of the CPA-to-CPT (or vice versa) scheme proposed here may have potential applications in optical logical devices for optical computing and quantum information processing.