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arXiv:2206.02418 · Physical Review A

Tunable nonlinear coherent perfect absorption in cavity QED

Miaodi Guo, Haifeng Li, Ning Li, Ya-Jie Wu

Published Mar 6, 2023• 9 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We propose and analyze a scheme for tunable coherent perfect absorption (CPA) and near-perfect reflection (near CPR) in a three-level $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$-type atom-cavity system. With electromagnetically-induced-transparency-type interference induced by a coherent coupling laser, it provides a method of tunable near CPR at two-photon resonance. By virtue of different coupling strengths, CPA can be tuned from the linear regime to the nonlinear or bistable regime at a fixed input-field frequency. In addition, the CPA regime can be switched to the near-CPR regime with variable linear absorption or gain by an incoherent pump field. This work suggests a mechanism for manipulation on perfect absorption and reflection theoretically which can potentially be applied to logical gates and optical switches for coherent optical computing and communication.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.107.033704

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We propose and analyze a scheme for tunable coherent perfect absorption (CPA) and near-perfect reflection (near CPR) in a three-level \ensuremathΛ\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\ensuremathΛ-type atom-cavity system. With electromagnetically-induced-transparency-type interference induced by a coherent coupling laser, it provides a method of tunable near CPR at two-photon resonance. By virtue of different coupling strengths, CPA can be tuned from the linear regime to the nonlinear or bistable regime at a fixed input-field frequency. In addition, the CPA regime can be switched to the near-CPR regime with variable linear absorption or gain by an incoherent pump field. This work suggests a mechanism for manipulation on perfect absorption and reflection theoretically which can potentially be applied to logical gates and optical switches for coherent optical computing and communication.
Coherent perfect absorption (CPA) or reflection (CPR) are methods to realize the extreme manipulation on an optical field. We propose a scheme to operate a bistable switch with convertible CPA and/or CPR. Generally, CPA and CPR occur with different input-field phases. For example, CPA is realized when two input probe beams are in phase; instead, CPR is achieved when they are out of phase. In this scheme, a CPA state can be converted to a CPR state by an incoherent field although two input fields are in phase. When we use the incoherent field as a switching field, the CPA (CPR) state is treated as the closed (open) state. As a result, the switching efficiency can theoretically reach a maximum value, i.e., η = 1. In addition, the switch can be operated in the linear regime with a weak input field, and in the nonlinear or bistable regime with a strong input field. Moreover, the efficiency of the bistable switch is sensitively dependent on the input-field intensity. It provides a potential application of this work on sensitive optical detecting.
We propose a scheme for controlling coherent photon absorption by electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a three-level atom-cavity system. Coherent perfect absorption (CPA) occurs when time-reversed symmetry of lasing process is obtained with the destructive interference at the cavity interfaces. The frequency range of CPA is generally dependent on the decay rates of the cavity mirrors. The smaller decay rate of the cavity mirror causes the wider frequency range of CPA, and the needed intensity of the probe fields is larger to satisfy CPA condition for a given frequency. Although Rabi frequency of the control laser has little effect on the frequency range of CPA, with EIT-type quantum interference, the CPA mode is tunable by the control laser. In addition, with the relative phase, the probe fields can be perfectly transmitted and/or reflected. Therefore, the system can be used as a controllable coherent perfect absorber or transmitter (reflector), and our work may have practical applications in optical logic devices.
Abstract A broadband coherent perfect absorption (CPA) scheme consisting of an optical resonator coupled with three-level atoms excited by single cavity mode is proposed and analyzed. We show the output light field from the system is completely suppressed under specific conditions when the system is excited in linear and nonlinear regimes by two identical light fields from two ends of optical cavity. An analytical broadband CPA criterion for central and sideband excitations of cavity quantum electrodynamics system is derived in linear regime. Moreover, we show the resonant excitation criterion for CPA is greatly extended in nonlinear regime. A new type of bistability behavior is found. The output field intensity and the bistability curve can be well tuned by dynamically adjusting system parameters. Our results demonstrate that the CPA is quite universal, and it should be useful in a variety of applications in optical logic and optical communication devices.
We investigate coherent perfect absorption (CPA) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a cavity QED system that includes a degenerate optical parametric amplifier (OPA). We derive the condition for CPA and identify two distinct regimes controlled by the control laser. When the control laser is resonant and induces EIT, DQI suppresses CPA, thereby making the system a near-perfect transmitter. When the control laser is detuned, DQI again suppresses CPA, but now the system acts as a near-perfect reflector. In the EIT regime, increasing OPA strength enhances both transmitted and intracavity intensities. At the optimal detuning of the reflector regime, the input light is reflected, and the intracavity intensity drops to zero.
We propose and analyze a scheme for controlling coherent photon transmission and reflection in a cavity-quantum-electrodynamics (CQED) system consisting of an optical resonator coupled with three-level atoms coherently prepared by a control laser from free space. When the control laser is off and the cavity is excited by two identical light fields from two ends of the cavity, the two input light fields can be completely absorbed by the CQED system and the light energy is converted into the excitation of the polariton states, but no light can escape from the cavity. Two distinct cases of controlling the perfect photon absorption are analyzed: (a) when the control laser is tuned to the atomic resonance and creates electromagnetically induced transparency, the perfect photon absorption is suppressed and the input light fields are nearly completely transmitted through the cavity; (b) when the control laser is tuned to the polariton state resonance and inhibits the polariton state excitation, the perfect photon absorption is again suppressed and the input light fields are nearly completely reflected from the cavity. Thus, the CQED system can act as a perfect absorber or near-perfect transmitter and/or reflector by simply turning the control laser off or on. Such interference control of the coherent photon-atom interaction in the CQED system should be useful for a variety of applications in optical logical devices.
We present an alternative route to realize coherent perfect absorption (CPA) and subnatural narrowing by vacuum-induced coupling (VIC) between excited levels of an atomic ensemble in an optical nanofiber (ONF) cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) system. By employing the VIC arising from quantum interference between the spontaneous emission pathways from the upper excited doublet to one common ground state in the three-level VVV-type atoms, a very narrow absorption resonance can be observed in the generated dark-state spectral window owing to quantum destructive interference between the spontaneous emission pathways. The spectroscopic output feature exhibits a reduced linewidth, which is much narrower than both the empty-cavity linewidth and the atomic transition linewidth. As a check, the approximate analytical results for the ONF cavity-output power and linewidth of interest agree well with the numerical simulations. Furthermore, we find that the CPA can be used to probe the existence of the VIC effect. By tuning the relative phase between the two input light fields appropriately, the conversion between the CPA and coherent perfect transmission (CPT) can be realized in both the linear and nonlinear excitation regimes, i.e., the relative phase can switch the ONF CQED system from a perfect photon absorber to a nearly perfect photon transmitter. Also, we analyze the optical bistability of the ONF CQED system and its phase dependence in the nonlinear excitation regime. Such interference control of the CPA-to-CPT (or vice versa) scheme proposed here may have potential applications in optical logical devices for optical computing and quantum information processing.