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Optics Letters

Interference control of coherent perfect absorption in a driven three-level atom inside the cavity with parametric amplification

Cong Cui, Hai Yi, Yong Fei Li, wenyao hu, T. Z. Luan, Yang Chen, Cheng Shang, Y. H. Zhou, Hong-zhi Shen

Published Jul 30, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate coherent perfect absorption (CPA) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a cavity QED system that includes a degenerate optical parametric amplifier (OPA). We derive the condition for CPA and identify two distinct regimes controlled by the control laser. When the control laser is resonant and induces EIT, DQI suppresses CPA, thereby making the system a near-perfect transmitter. When the control laser is detuned, DQI again suppresses CPA, but now the system acts as a near-perfect reflector. In the EIT regime, increasing OPA strength enhances both transmitted and intracavity intensities. At the optimal detuning of the reflector regime, the input light is reflected, and the intracavity intensity drops to zero.

DOI
10.1364/ol.608005

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We investigate coherent perfect absorption (CPA) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a cavity QED system that includes a degenerate optical parametric amplifier (OPA). We derive the condition for CPA and identify two distinct regimes controlled by the control laser. When the control laser is resonant and induces EIT, DQI suppresses CPA, thereby making the system a near-perfect transmitter. When the control laser is detuned, DQI again suppresses CPA, but now the system acts as a near-perfect reflector. In the EIT regime, increasing OPA strength enhances both transmitted and intracavity intensities. At the optimal detuning of the reflector regime, the input light is reflected, and the intracavity intensity drops to zero.
We propose a scheme for controlling coherent photon absorption by electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a three-level atom-cavity system. Coherent perfect absorption (CPA) occurs when time-reversed symmetry of lasing process is obtained with the destructive interference at the cavity interfaces. The frequency range of CPA is generally dependent on the decay rates of the cavity mirrors. The smaller decay rate of the cavity mirror causes the wider frequency range of CPA, and the needed intensity of the probe fields is larger to satisfy CPA condition for a given frequency. Although Rabi frequency of the control laser has little effect on the frequency range of CPA, with EIT-type quantum interference, the CPA mode is tunable by the control laser. In addition, with the relative phase, the probe fields can be perfectly transmitted and/or reflected. Therefore, the system can be used as a controllable coherent perfect absorber or transmitter (reflector), and our work may have practical applications in optical logic devices.
We propose and analyze a scheme for controlling coherent photon transmission and reflection in a cavity-quantum-electrodynamics (CQED) system consisting of an optical resonator coupled with three-level atoms coherently prepared by a control laser from free space. When the control laser is off and the cavity is excited by two identical light fields from two ends of the cavity, the two input light fields can be completely absorbed by the CQED system and the light energy is converted into the excitation of the polariton states, but no light can escape from the cavity. Two distinct cases of controlling the perfect photon absorption are analyzed: (a) when the control laser is tuned to the atomic resonance and creates electromagnetically induced transparency, the perfect photon absorption is suppressed and the input light fields are nearly completely transmitted through the cavity; (b) when the control laser is tuned to the polariton state resonance and inhibits the polariton state excitation, the perfect photon absorption is again suppressed and the input light fields are nearly completely reflected from the cavity. Thus, the CQED system can act as a perfect absorber or near-perfect transmitter and/or reflector by simply turning the control laser off or on. Such interference control of the coherent photon-atom interaction in the CQED system should be useful for a variety of applications in optical logical devices.
We propose and analyze a scheme for tunable coherent perfect absorption (CPA) and near-perfect reflection (near CPR) in a three-level $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$-type atom-cavity system. With electromagnetically-induced-transparency-type interference induced by a coherent coupling laser, it provides a method of tunable near CPR at two-photon resonance. By virtue of different coupling strengths, CPA can be tuned from the linear regime to the nonlinear or bistable regime at a fixed input-field frequency. In addition, the CPA regime can be switched to the near-CPR regime with variable linear absorption or gain by an incoherent pump field. This work suggests a mechanism for manipulation on perfect absorption and reflection theoretically which can potentially be applied to logical gates and optical switches for coherent optical computing and communication.
We propose a scheme to achieve CPA not only in the strong-coupling regime but also in the weak-coupling regime. The system under consideration consists of an atomic ensemble coupled to an optical cavity containing an optical parametric amplifier (OPA). We show that when the OPA introduces an effective loss, CPA can occur only in the strong-coupling regime. In contrast, when the OPA provides an effective gain, CPA can emerge in both the weak- and strong-coupling regimes. We further demonstrate that in the weak-coupling regime, CPA cannot occur within the bistable region, whereas in the strong-coupling regime, CPA can indeed appear in the bistable region. Moreover, the output intensity can be flexibly controlled by tuning the effective strength and the phase of the OPA. Our work opens a potential way to design a coherent perfect absorber based on weak coupling mechanism.
Coherent perfect absorption (CPA) is investigated in the quantum nonlinear regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED), in which a single two-level atom couples to a single-mode cavity weakly driven by two identical laser fields. In the strong-coupling regime and due to the photon blockade effect, the weakly driven CQED system can be described as a quantum system with three polariton states. CPA is achieved at a critical input field strength when the frequency of the input fields matches the polariton transition frequency. In the quantum nonlinear regime, the incoherent dissipation processes such as atomic and photon decays place a lower bound for the purity of the intracavity quantum field. Our results show that under the CPA condition, the intracavity field always exhibits the quadrature squeezing property manifested by the quantum nonlinearity, and the outgoing photon flux displays the super-Poissonian distribution.
An experimental work [W. J. Wan, Y. D. Chong, L. Ge, H. Noh, A. D. Stone, and H. Cao, Science 331, 889 (2011)] showed that a resonator that contains a loss medium instead of a gain medium enables coherent perfect absorption (CPA) by interference. Here, we propose an alternative approach to realize such a CPA and coherent perfect transmission (CPT) as well as the switching between CPA and CPT in a cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) system by applying an external magnetic field. The proposed CPA and CPT scheme is based on the magnetically induced transparency (MIT) configuration, instead of the conventional electromagnetically induced transparency configuration, which offers a sensitive method to tune CPA and CPT and also is conducive to the flexible control of the CPA and CPT scheme. Under the linear and nonlinear excitation regimes, we derive the approximate analytical solutions of the cavity-output power and the CPA criteria of the CQED system, and find that the CPA can occur at different frequencies in both regimes. In the nonlinear excitation regime, the relationship between the cavity-output power and the cavity-input power can show a bistable characteristic by the control of the static magnetic field, and the CPA point is near the turning point of the cavity-input power on the bistable return hysteresis curve. Furthermore, the line shape and the threshold value for optical bistability can be flexibly controlled by varying the magnetic field under experimentally accessible conditions, thus the magnetic field can well tune the CPA. Also, we compare the analytical and numerical results of the cavity-output power in the nonlinear excitation regime, and they are in good agreement. Our results show that the CQED system based on the MIT configuration can be used as a perfect absorber or nearly perfect transmitter, which may have practical applications in optical logic and optical communication devices.