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Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance and Photoluminescence Study of Natural Cryptocrystalline Diamonds Aggregates

Marina V. Muzafarova, S. V. Titkov, V. V. Yakovleva, Kirill V. Likhachev, R. A. Babunts, P. G. Baranov

Published Jan 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.2139/ssrn.5289703

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The nanolayers and nanomembranes with the 30–300 thickness and the 0.5 ppm NV– center content were produced by 50 keV H2+{\text{H}}_{2}^{ + }H2+​ ion implantation in Ib type (111) diamond plates and vacuum or high pressure annealing with subsequent lift-off process. The similar NV– content nanolayers were formed by N+ ion implantation in IIa type (111) diamond plates and similar annealings. 〈111〉 oriented nanopillars were produced on both types of nanolayers using focused ion beam (FIB) with Ga+ 30 keV maskless milling. The unusual optically detected magnetic resonances (ODMRs) were measured in a single nanopillars with a height of 500‒700 nm and of 250 nm in diameter covered by an amorphous a-C:Ga nanolayer in the 0‒20 G magnetic field. They demonstrated both a significant decrease in the gyromagnetic ratio and the quenching of photoluminescence (PL) signal from the NV– centers inclined to the nanopillar axis by the conductive a‑C:Ga nanolayer and stresses created by it. The multistep O2 RIE plasma etching restored the normal ODMR resonance frequencies and intensities for all four NV–center orientations in (111) diamond nanopillars.
Diamond samples of various origins containing NV centers were studied using optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) and photoluminescence (PL) methods. It is shown that various impurities and deformation-induced defects can significantly influence the crystal environment and properties of NV centers. This influence is reflected in such characteristics as the distribution of NV centers throughout the crystal volume, their charge state (the ratio of neutral to negatively charged NV centers), mechanical stresses and strains in their crystalline environment, interaction with a nitrogen donor, which affects their coherent properties, and their orientation within the diamond lattice.
We report on detecting continuous 60-GHz microwave radiation with powers in the nanowatt range by the photoluminescence of an ensemble of negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV−) centers in diamond at room temperature. The high contrast of the optically detected magnetic resonance and the efficient photon collection yield a magnetic field sensitivity of 86 nT/Hz for continuous-wave laser excitation with a photon energy of 2.33 eV and a power density of 93 W/cm2. The efficiency of the microwave-power-to-magnetic-field conversion amounts to 0.54 mT/W. The microwave excitation also enhances the degree of the linear polarization of NV− photoluminescence at magnetic resonance conditions, and for linearly co-polarized NV− photoluminescence and laser light, the magnetic field sensitivity is improved by about 7%.