Abstract This paper presents a hierarchical controlled asymmetric bidirectional hybrid quantum communication protocol applicable to hierarchical quantum information transmission tasks across diverse scenarios. The scheme incorporates two communication tasks: (1) With the assistance of controller Charlie, Alice can perform the lower-priority task of transmit arbitrary single-qubit state to Bob via quantum teleportation; (2) As a higher-priority task, Bob needs to remotely preparing arbitrary two-qubit states for Alice. This process requires not only authorization from controller Charlie but also collaborative support from another controller David. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the protocol achieves a 100% success rate under ideal conditions. To address noise interference in practical communication, the impacts of different noise models on protocol performance are systematically investigated, followed by an efficiency comparison with existing similar schemes. Results indicate that this protocol significantly outperforms current hierarchical quantum communication solutions in terms of task generality and flexibility. By assigning differentiated control levels to different tasks, the protocol provides users with enhanced configurability to meet specific requirements, particularly in complex scenarios requiring integrated multi-level authorization control and hybrid quantum communication.
Abstract This paper presents a hierarchical controlled asymmetric bidirectional hybrid quantum communication protocol applicable to hierarchical quantum information transmission tasks across diverse scenarios. The scheme incorporates two communication tasks: (1) With the assistance of controller Charlie, Alice can perform the lower-priority task of transmit arbitrary single-qubit state to Bob via quantum teleportation; (2) As a higher-priority task, Bob needs to remotely preparing arbitrary two-qubit states for Alice. This process requires not only authorization from controller Charlie but also collaborative support from another controller David. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the protocol achieves a 100% success rate under ideal conditions. To address noise interference in practical communication, the impacts of different noise models on protocol performance are systematically investigated, followed by an efficiency comparison with existing similar schemes. Results indicate that this protocol significantly outperforms current hierarchical quantum communication solutions in terms of task generality and flexibility. By assigning differentiated control levels to different tasks, the protocol provides users with enhanced configurability to meet specific requirements, particularly in complex scenarios requiring integrated multi-level authorization control and hybrid quantum communication.
Abstract This paper puts forward a novel hierarchical controlled asymmetric bidirectional hybrid quantum communication scheme that can be applied to hierarchical quantum information transmission tasks in various application scenarios. In this scheme, with only Charlie’s assistance, Alice can accomplish the less crucial task of remotely preparing any single-qubit state for Bob. Simultaneously, Bob aims to transmit any two-qubit states to Alice via quantum teleportation. As a more vital communication task, apart from obtaining the consent of the control agent Charlie, Bob also requires the help of another control agent, David. Only with the combined control and support of Charlie and David can this task be successfully completed by Bob. In an ideal environment, the success rate of this protocol is 1. Given that noise is inevitable in practical communication, this paper further investigates the impact of different noises on this communication scheme and analyzes and compares its efficiency with other existing similar schemes. The proposed protocol outperforms existing hierarchical quantum communication solutions in terms of task generality and flexibility. By assigning different levels of controllers to different tasks, it provides users with greater flexibility to meet their specific needs, especially in scenarios requiring both multi-level authorization control and hybrid quantum communication.
Abstract This paper proposes a hierarchical controlled bidirectional hybrid quantum information transmission (HCBHQIT) protocol for arbitrary two-qubit states based on a special ten-qubit entangled state. The protocol implements a hierarchical control mechanism where high-level agent Alice can complete quantum teleportation of any unknown two-qubit state to Bob with only one controller Charlie’s assistance, while low-level agent Bob requires collaborative control from both Charlie and an additional controller David to remotely prepare arbitrary known two-qubit states at Alice’s location (with Alice remaining completely unaware of the state). We comprehensively analyze protocol implementation in noisy environments, particularly examining fidelity degradation under various noise conditions, and calculate the intrinsic efficiency through comparative evaluations. The scheme innovatively integrates multi-level control architecture with bidirectional hybrid communication technology over a shared quantum channel, with detailed discussions for both ideal and noisy scenarios. Demonstrated to maintain practical value across multiple application scenarios, this protocol advances controllable quantum communication systems through its hierarchical access management and dual-directional information transfer capabilities.
Abstract This article proposes an asymmetric bidirectional hierarchical quantum teleportation protocol, which is based on a quantum channel composed of a maximum of eight-qubit entangled state. With this method, Alice can transmit an unknown single-qubit state to Bob, meanwhile, Bob can transmit an arbitrary unknown two-qubit quantum state to Alice. As a sender with high authority, Bob can send any unknown two-qubit quantum state to Alice only under the sole control of the controller Charlie; Alice, as a sender with low-level permissions, if Bob intends to receive the unknown single-qubit quantum state sent by Alice, he must get the permission and assistance of Charlie and David to complete the communication.
Current hierarchical control quantum communication protocols are mostly limited to linear bidirectional architectures with only two communication agents, lacking cyclic information exchange capabilities and flexible scalability for large-scale scenarios. This limitation impedes the practical deployment of complex quantum communication networks. To address this issue, a novel hierarchical control bidirectional cyclic hybrid quantum information transmission protocol for an arbitrary single-qubit state is proposed. The protocol comprises six participating entities: three communication agents (Alice, Bob, and Charlie) at different levels and three control agents (David, Emma, and Frank) with a clear permission hierarchy. The bidirectional communication tasks of each communication agent require matching control authorization corresponding to their level: high-level communication agents only need David's assistance, mid-level ones require joint control from David and Emma, and low-level ones demand collaborative authorization from all three control agents to complete their quantum teleportation and remote state preparation tasks. Furthermore, the proposed six-party protocol is extended to a 2N-party scenario involving N control agents and N communication agents at different levels, adapting to the needs of large-scale quantum communication networks. This work provides a flexible and scalable theoretical framework for constructing hierarchical quantum communication networks with cyclic information exchange.
Abstract Using an eight-qubit entangled state as the quantum channel, we propose a novel bidirectional controlled quantum teleportation scheme involving three participants: a controller, Charlie, and two communicators, Alice and Bob. Alice can teleport an arbitrary two-qubit target entangled state to Bob, while Bob simultaneously teleports another two-qubit entangled target state back to Alice conditional on Charlie’s authorization and assistance. Compared with some existing schemes, the proposed scheme achieves higher intrinsic efficiency with lower operation complexity. Moreover, this scheme is practically feasible with currently available quantum technologies.
Abstract In this paper, we develop a quantum communication protocol for the simultaneous preparation of a two-qubit and a three-qubit state at the positions of two different parties situated spatially apart. For one party, Alice, it is a remote state preparation of a known two-qubit state while for the other party, Bob, it is a joint remote state preparation with the help of a third party, Eve. The protocol is executed in a hybrid form bi-directionally in the presence of two controllers, Charlie and David. There is a hierarchy in the process through different levels of control under which the actions by Alice and Bob are performed. There is a need for a ten-qubit entangled channel connecting the five parties. The generation of this channel through a circuit is discussed. The protocol is executed on the IBM Quantum platform. We also study the effect of noise on our protocol. Here, amplitude-damping, bit-flip and phase-flip noisy environments are considered and the corresponding variations of fidelity are theoretically and numerically analyzed.