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Optical Fiber Communication Conference

Long-Distance Discrete-Modulated Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution over 126.56 km of Fiber

Yan Pan, Mingze Wu, Heng Wang, Junhui Li, Yun Shao, Yang Li, Wei Huang, Song Yu, Yichen Zhang, Bingjie Xu

Published Jan 1, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Employing an advanced security analysis method, we experimentally demonstrated a local local oscillator continuous-variable quantum key distribution system over 126.56km of single mode fiber with probabilistic shaped 16QAM, achieving a secret key rate of 169.37kbps.
DOI
10.1364/ofc.2025.w1j.1

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Discrete modulation is a practical and device-friendly solution for high-speed continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD), offering strong compatibility with existing coherent optical communication systems. However, its achievable transmission distance has remained considerably shorter than that of Gaussian-modulated protocols, limiting its practical deployment. In this work, we overcome this limitation by combining an advanced security analysis method with probabilistically shaped modulation and an efficient digital signal processing algorithm. We experimentally demonstrate a local local oscillator CV-QKD system over a 126.56 km span of single-mode fiber, achieving an asymptotic secret key rate of 171.42 kbps. This result significantly extends the reach of discrete-modulated CV-QKD and confirms its potential as a viable candidate for the commercialization and large-scale practical application of quantum key distribution technology. Discrete modulation offers a practical approach for high-speed transmission in continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) but struggles with limited transmission distances. The authors employ advanced security analysis, sophisticated signal processing algorithms, and probabilistic shaping to achieve a record 126.56 km transmission distance, supporting the commercial viability of CV-QKD systems
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We report a 16QAM-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution system with a record-breaking composable secret key rate of8.93Mb/s8.93 \text{Mb} / \mathrm{s}8.93Mb/sover 25 km fiber channel, surpassing previous systems by an order of magnitude in performance while remaining low-complexity and cost-effective. ©2025 The Author(s)