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Asia Communications and Photonics Conference

100 km Discrete-Modulated Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution Using Probabilistic Shaped 16QAM

Yan Pan, Mingze Wu, Heng Wang, Yun Feng Shao, Jinlu Liu, Yang Li, Yichen Zhang, Wei Huang, Bingjie Xu

Published Nov 2, 2024• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We first experimentally demonstrated discretemodulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution over 100.93 km of standard single-mode fiber using probabilistic shaped 16QAM. The results show that a secret key rate of 50.68 kbits/s can be achieved.
DOI
10.1109/acp/ipoc63121.2024.10810045

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We report a 16QAM-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution system with a record-breaking composable secret key rate of8.93Mb/s8.93 \text{Mb} / \mathrm{s}8.93Mb/sover 25 km fiber channel, surpassing previous systems by an order of magnitude in performance while remaining low-complexity and cost-effective. ©2025 The Author(s)
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Continuous-variable quantum key distribution holds the potential to generate high secret key rates, making it a prime candidate for high-rate metropolitan quantum network applications. However, despite these promising opportunities, the realization of high-rate continuous-variable quantum key distribution systems with composable security remains an elusive goal. Here, we report a discrete-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution system with a composable secret key rate of 18.93 Mbps against collective attacks over a 25-km fiber channel. This record-breaking rate is achieved through the probability-shaped 16 quadrature amplitude modulation-modulated protocol, which employs semidefinite programming to ensure its composable security. Furthermore, we have employed a fully digital and precise quantum signal processing technique to reduce excess noise to extremely low levels, thereby facilitating efficient broadband system operation. While ensuring low complexity and cost, our system achieves a performance advantage of over an order of magnitude compared to previous continuous-variable quantum key distribution systems, providing a promising solution for future deployment of quantum key distribution.