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Disruptive Technologies in Information Sciences

Photonic quantum state engineering in micro-ring resonator-based silicon nanophotonic circuits

Edwin E. Hach

Published May 21, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

I will present an overview of progress we have made in the area of scalable photonic quantum state engineering via measurement induced nonlinearities in circuits built from linearly coupled microring resonators. We are especially interested in the reliable generation of highly entangled states using techniques suitable for integration into optical quantum information processing and sensing systems.

DOI
10.1117/12.3053766

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I will present an overview of progress we have made in the area of scalable photonic quantum state engineering via measurement induced nonlinearities in circuits built from linearly coupled microring resonators. We are especially interested in the reliable generation of highly entangled states using techniques suitable for integration into optical quantum information processing and sensing systems.
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Integrated micro- and nano-structures allows for the efficient generation of photon pairs via parametric fluorescence, thanks to the enhancement of the light-matter interaction associated with light confinement in small volumes. For instance, the efficiency of spontaneous four wave mixing in a silicon micro ring resonator can range up to 10 orders of magnitude larger than in bulk silicon. Yet the advantages of using integrated devices go well beyond the sole efficiency improvement, for micro structures grant an unprecedented control over the properties of generated non-classical light. For instance, in a single photonic integrated circuit, one can exploit the interferences of many optical elements to construct complex multipartite states in a compact, stable, and scalable system. In this talk I will focus on the generation of photon pairs and show how their spectral properties can be engineered in an integrated device for use as building blocks in the construction of a whole variety of states, from heralded single-photons to multipartite states.
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Quantum-photonic chips, which integrate quantum light sources alongside active and passive optical elements, as well as single-photon detectors, show great potential for photonic quantum information processing and quantum technology. Mature semiconductor nanofabrication processes allow for scaling such photonic integrated circuits to on-chip networks of increasing complexity. Second-order nonlinear materials are the method of choice for generating photonic quantum states in the overwhelming majority of linear optic experiments using bulk components, but integration with waveguide circuitry on a nanophotonic chip proved to be challenging. Here, we demonstrate such an on-chip parametric down-conversion source of photon pairs based on second-order nonlinearity in an aluminum-nitride microring resonator. We show the potential of our source for quantum information processing by measuring the high visibility anti-bunching of heralded single photons with nearly ideal state purity. Our down-conversion source yields measured coincidence rates of 80 Hz, which implies MHz generation rates of correlated photon pairs. Low noise performance is demonstrated by measuring high coincidence-to-accidental ratios. The generated photon pairs are spectrally far separated from the pump field, providing great potential for realizing sufficient on-chip filtering and monolithic integration of quantum light sources, waveguide circuits and single-photon detectors. A chip-based source of photon pairs for applications in quantum information processing has been built by a team of scientists in the US. Xiang Guo and co-workers from Yale University built the quantum light source from an aluminum nitride microring resonator. The strong second-order nonlinearity of the aluminum nitride yields efficient parametric down-conversion. This allows 775-nm-wavelength pump photons to be converted into a pair of entangled photons in the telecommunications window of 1550 nm. Tests indicated that the heralded photons generated by the microring source are anti-bunched and have high visibility and a high purity of state, indicating that they are highly suitable for use in quantum optics experiments. In principle, the on-chip source is compatible with megahertz generation rates and large-scale manufacture of integrated optical circuits.