I will discuss recent advances towards implementation of nonlinear photonic devices for quantum information processing and quantum simulation of topological phases of matter, using approaches from circuit QED and silicon-on-insulator technologies.
Abstract Quantum information science offers inherently more powerful methods for communication, computation, and precision measurement that take advantage of quantum superposition and entanglement. In recent years, theoretical and experimental advances in quantum computing and simulation with photons have spurred great interest in developing large photonic entangled states that challenge today’s classical computers. As experiments have increased in complexity, there has been an increasing need to transition bulk optics experiments to integrated photonics platforms to control more spatial modes with higher fidelity and phase stability. The silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) nanophotonics platform offers new possibilities for quantum optics, including the integration of bright, nonclassical light sources, based on the large third‐order nonlinearity (χ (3) ) of silicon, alongside quantum state manipulation circuits with thousands of optical elements, all on a single phase‐stable chip. How large do these photonic systems need to be? Recent theoretical work on Boson Sampling suggests that even the problem of sampling from e30 identical photons, having passed through an interferometer of hundreds of modes, becomes challenging for classical computers. While experiments of this size are still challenging, the SOI platform has the required component density to enable low‐loss and programmable interferometers for manipulating hundreds of spatial modes. Here, we discuss the SOI nanophotonics platform for quantum photonic circuits with hundreds‐to‐thousands of optical elements and the associated challenges. We compare SOI to competing technologies in terms of requirements for quantum optical systems. We review recent results on large‐scale quantum state evolution circuits and strategies for realizing high‐fidelity heralded gates with imperfect, practical systems. Next, we review recent results on silicon photonics‐based photon‐pair sources and device architectures, and we discuss a path towards large‐scale source integration. Finally, we review monolithic integration strategies for single‐photon detectors and their essential role in on‐chip feed forward operations.
The capability of realizing quantum photonics implementations on-chip will have a strong impact on several aspects of quantum computation and information processing. The implementation of large scale integrated quantum photonic technologies requires on-chip reconfigurable waveguide circuits as well as single-photon sources and detectors. Many successes have been made in recent years to demonstrate complex quantum circuits in many material platforms. Among all these platforms, the Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) platform is outstanding as it is well developed for classical applications and therefore deploys a high component density, mature fabrication techniques and compatibility with the telecom regime and the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. However, the lack of on-demand non-classical light sources, directly incorporated in silicon chips, forces the use of nonlinear processes to generate non-classical light states: the probabilistic nature of the emission process sets a limit in the maximally achievable experimental complexity. The use of on-demand sources will have a strong impact on the device’s scalability.
Abstract The high stability and scalability of integrated circuits make them a reliable and practical platform for photonic quantum information processing. In various platforms for quantum photonic integrated circuits, the silicon‐on‐insulator technology, with its strong nonlinear effect and mature fabrication technology, has gradually emerged in the preparation of quantum photonic sources. This report presents a review of this series of research advances in the preparation of a quantum photonic source, based on the spontaneously four‐wave mixing process in a silicon waveguide, especially chip‐scale entangled states that have been realized in recent years.