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IEEE Communications Letters

Secure Transmission via Constellation Splitting

Hongliang He, Xingmei Li, Ce Zheng

Published Apr 25, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

To enhance the security of wireless communications, we propose a constellation splitting-based friendly jamming scheme in this paper. The scheme splits the real and imaginary (or the in-phase and quadrature) components of a complex signal, using the real part to convey private information while embedding artificial noise into the imaginary part. Upon receiving the signal, the legitimate receiver can separate the real and imaginary components to extract the private information, while the eavesdropper’s signal remains obscured by the artificial noise. We analyze the bit error rate (BER) of the proposed scheme, with results showing that the eavesdropper’s BER remains at a high level.

DOI
10.1109/lcomm.2025.3564508

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To enhance the security of wireless communications, we propose a constellation splitting-based friendly jamming scheme in this paper. The scheme splits the real and imaginary (or the in-phase and quadrature) components of a complex signal, using the real part to convey private information while embedding artificial noise into the imaginary part. Upon receiving the signal, the legitimate receiver can separate the real and imaginary components to extract the private information, while the eavesdropper’s signal remains obscured by the artificial noise. We analyze the bit error rate (BER) of the proposed scheme, with results showing that the eavesdropper’s BER remains at a high level.
In this paper we consider the problem of secure communication between two nodes, over a fading wireless medium, in the presence of a passive eavesdropper. We propose a scheme that provides security based on transforming the basic signal constellation to a higher order signal constellation with the help of conventional encryption method and then using channel knowledge (i.e. amplitude and phase variation), which is location specific, to distort the constellation of encrypted data. This scheme not only makes the estimation of the constellation difficult but also the type of modulation that is used for the adversary. BER (bit error rate) is used as performance metric. We find that the adversary suffers from high BER as compared to its legitimate counterpart.
In this paper, a hybrid scheme to provide wireless physical layer security based on encryption and wireless channel pre-compensation is presented. The physical layer security is provided by converting the signal constellation into a higher order constellation by using conventional encryption (symmetric key encryption) and then using channel state information (i.e. amplitude and phase variation), which is location specific, to further encrypt the constellation before transmission. Since detection and demodulation are based upon the known signal constellation, which is not known in advance in our case, it becomes difficult for the eavesdropper to determine the original signal constellation. The data intercepted by the eavesdropper is unintelligible due to the combined effect of encryption and pre-compensation. Using bit error rate (BER) as performance metric, it is found that the eavesdropper suffers from high BER as compared to its legitimate counterpart hence providing secure communication. The developed scheme was tested with existing wireless communication standard IEEE 802.11 to show the practical application of the scheme.
A secure spatial modulation based on artificial noise (AN-SM) is proposed. Different from the traditional spatial modulation schemes, the legitimate channel state information is utilized to convey part of information bits instead of amplitude phase modulation (APM) constellation. By this way, the normal transmit signals will become artificial noise to the eavesdropper, and it is impossible for the eavesdropper to know the legitimate channel state information. Consequently, the secrecy transmission could be achieved. Moreover, all transmit power is used to transmit the legitimate signals without any energy waste. The secrecy rate is analyzed, and the numerical results show that the new AN-SM scheme could achieve high secrecy rate.
The Artificial noise (AN) injection scheme is recently proposed to secure wireless transmissions. By simultaneously transmitting data symbols and artificial interference, it prevents the eavesdropper from decoding the secret message intended for the legitimate receiver. In this paper, we mainly focus on weakness of the AN security scheme. First, we analyze the necessary condition for such a scheme to guarantee that the legitimate transmitter-receiver pair can achieve a positive secrecy communication rate. And then, we further propose an effective eavesdropping strategy to counteract such a security scheme once the condition does not hold up in some wireless systems. Our proposed wiretap method involves complex-valued independent component analysis (ICA) and requires the antenna number of the eavesdropper's is larger or equal to that of the transmitter's. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of this wiretap method.
As the need of highly secure data transmission in wireless communication has increased rapidly, physical layer security gains a lots of attention recently. The transmission of confidential data between two legitimate users in the existence of the passive eavesdropper with quasi-static Rayleigh channel is considered. A new technique is proposed in which a friendly noise is incorporated with confidential data bearing signal such that it preserves the integrity of the signal and does not degrade the legitimate link. This friendly noise acts as jamming signal for eavesdropper. The analytical expression for secrecy outage probability of the proposed technique for both single and multiple antennas eavesdropper is derived. The secrecy performance of proposed technique is compared with the traditional direct transmission and the cooperative jamming schemes. The asymptotic nature of the outage probability is also studied for the different parameters. Numerical results are also presented to verify the analytical expressions of proposed model, which show that the proposed technique is better than the traditional direct transmission and the cooperative jamming schemes.
For physical layer security with multiple antennas over wireless channels, we consider an artificial noise-aided secure beamforming system. A transmitter can send the confidential information to the legitimate user more securely without eavesdropping when an artificial jamming signal interfering eavesdroppers is transmitted with the confidential information signal. The transmitter splits its transmit power for both the information and jamming signals with a power splitting factor. Under such a system model, we investigate the impacts on secrecy performance of a power splitting factor, the numbers of antennas and eavesdroppers, and noise variance at the legitimate receivers and eavesdroppers by analyzing the expected secrecy rate. The optimal power splitting factor and limiting secrecy rate with large number of antennas are also derived. Moreover, we examine the expected secrecy rate loss caused by channel variation over time. It is shown that the secrecy rate loss is independent of system parameters like a power splitting factor, the numbers of antennas and eavesdroppers in a high signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) region. In a low SINR region, on the other hand, the secrecy rate loss changes with system parameters. Simulation results verify these observations on ergodic secrecy rate and its loss due to time-varying channels.