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International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering

Wireless physical layer security using channel state information

Mohammad Tahir, Sigit P. W. Jarot, Mohammad Umar Siddiqi

Published May 1, 2010• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper we consider the problem of secure communication between two nodes, over a fading wireless medium, in the presence of a passive eavesdropper. We propose a scheme that provides security based on transforming the basic signal constellation to a higher order signal constellation with the help of conventional encryption method and then using channel knowledge (i.e. amplitude and phase variation), which is location specific, to distort the constellation of encrypted data. This scheme not only makes the estimation of the constellation difficult but also the type of modulation that is used for the adversary. BER (bit error rate) is used as performance metric. We find that the adversary suffers from high BER as compared to its legitimate counterpart.

DOI
10.1109/iccce.2010.5556862

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In this paper we consider the problem of secure communication between two nodes, over a fading wireless medium, in the presence of a passive eavesdropper. We propose a scheme that provides security based on transforming the basic signal constellation to a higher order signal constellation with the help of conventional encryption method and then using channel knowledge (i.e. amplitude and phase variation), which is location specific, to distort the constellation of encrypted data. This scheme not only makes the estimation of the constellation difficult but also the type of modulation that is used for the adversary. BER (bit error rate) is used as performance metric. We find that the adversary suffers from high BER as compared to its legitimate counterpart.
In this paper we propose a scheme that provides physical layer security by combining two techniques known as encryption and channel pre-compensation. Encryption transforms the original signal constellation into a higher order constellation based on the key sequence generated by AES in counter-mode. Channel pre-compensation is performed based on the knowledge of channel, which is location specific, at the transmitter. These two techniques distort the original signal constellation which can only be recovered by the intended receiver. The proposed scheme not only makes the estimation of the constellation difficult but also the type of modulation that is used for the adversary. BER (bit error rate) is used as performance metric. We find that the adversary suffers from high BER as compared to the legitimate user; hence providing secure communication.
In this paper, a hybrid scheme to provide wireless physical layer security based on encryption and wireless channel pre-compensation is presented. The physical layer security is provided by converting the signal constellation into a higher order constellation by using conventional encryption (symmetric key encryption) and then using channel state information (i.e. amplitude and phase variation), which is location specific, to further encrypt the constellation before transmission. Since detection and demodulation are based upon the known signal constellation, which is not known in advance in our case, it becomes difficult for the eavesdropper to determine the original signal constellation. The data intercepted by the eavesdropper is unintelligible due to the combined effect of encryption and pre-compensation. Using bit error rate (BER) as performance metric, it is found that the eavesdropper suffers from high BER as compared to its legitimate counterpart hence providing secure communication. The developed scheme was tested with existing wireless communication standard IEEE 802.11 to show the practical application of the scheme.
In this paper, we propose a novel constellation rotation and superposition scheme to improve the security of wireless multiple-access wiretap channels. The basic idea is to overlay the signal constellations of all users on a common constellation after being rotated at a certain angle. Then offset the legitimate channel phase and make the legitimate channel coefficients the superposition of modules, while the eavesdropper’s channel coefficients are the superposition of vectors. In this way, it is more possible for the legitimate destination to achieve a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than the eavesdropper. We analyze the security performance of the proposed scheme and derive the bit error rates (BER) for the legitimate destination and the eavesdropper. The results show that an increase in the number of users is beneficial to improving security performance.
Information security has been a very important issue in wireless networks. With the ever-increasing amount of data being exchanged over wireless networks, the confidentiality of information needs to be protected from unauthorized users called eavesdropper. Due to the broadcast nature of the wireless medium, the transmissions between legitimate users maybe overheard and intercepted by the unauthorized parties, which makes wireless transmission vulnerable to potential eavesdropping attacks. The security of wireless communications plays an increasingly important role in the cybercrime defense against unauthorized activities. We consider the wireless physical layer security which has been explored for the sake of enhancing the protection of wireless communications against eavesdroppers. We consider the problem of secret communication through Rayleigh fading channel in the presence of an eavesdropper in which the transmitter knows the channel state information of both the main and eavesdropper channel. Then, we analyze the average capacity of the main channel and eavesdropper channel from which an expression of secrecy capacity is derived based on the cumulative distribution function and probability density function of the signal to noise ratio. We also analyze an expression for the symbol error rate of the main channel, and the outage probability is obtained for the main transmission. Finally, we perform the numerical results in MATLAB.
A common approach for introducing security at the physical layer is to rely on the channel variations of the wireless environment. This type of approach is not always suitable for wireless networks where the channel remains static for most of the network lifetime. For these scenarios, a channel independent physical layer security technique is more appropriate which will rely on a secret known to the sender and the receiver but not to the eavesdropper. In this paper, we propose CD-PHY, a physical layer security technique that exploits the constellation diversity of wireless networks which is independent of the channel variations. The sender and the receiver use a custom bit sequence to constellation symbol mapping to secure the physical layer communication which is not known a priori to the eavesdropper. Through theoretical modeling and experimental simulation, we show that this information theoretic construct can achieve Shannon secrecy and any brute force attack from the eavesdropper incurs high overhead and minuscule probability of success. Our results also show that the high bit error rate also makes decoding practically infeasible for the eavesdropper, thus securing the communication between the sender and receiver.
To enhance the security of wireless communications, we propose a constellation splitting-based friendly jamming scheme in this paper. The scheme splits the real and imaginary (or the in-phase and quadrature) components of a complex signal, using the real part to convey private information while embedding artificial noise into the imaginary part. Upon receiving the signal, the legitimate receiver can separate the real and imaginary components to extract the private information, while the eavesdropper’s signal remains obscured by the artificial noise. We analyze the bit error rate (BER) of the proposed scheme, with results showing that the eavesdropper’s BER remains at a high level.