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IETE Journal of Research

A Hybrid Scheme for Wireless Physical Layer Security Based on Encryption and Channel Pre-compensation

Mohammad Tahir, Mohammad Umar Siddiqi

Published Jul 4, 2014• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, a hybrid scheme to provide wireless physical layer security based on encryption and wireless channel pre-compensation is presented. The physical layer security is provided by converting the signal constellation into a higher order constellation by using conventional encryption (symmetric key encryption) and then using channel state information (i.e. amplitude and phase variation), which is location specific, to further encrypt the constellation before transmission. Since detection and demodulation are based upon the known signal constellation, which is not known in advance in our case, it becomes difficult for the eavesdropper to determine the original signal constellation. The data intercepted by the eavesdropper is unintelligible due to the combined effect of encryption and pre-compensation. Using bit error rate (BER) as performance metric, it is found that the eavesdropper suffers from high BER as compared to its legitimate counterpart hence providing secure communication. The developed scheme was tested with existing wireless communication standard IEEE 802.11 to show the practical application of the scheme.

DOI
10.1080/03772063.2014.914690

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In this paper, a hybrid scheme to provide wireless physical layer security based on encryption and wireless channel pre-compensation is presented. The physical layer security is provided by converting the signal constellation into a higher order constellation by using conventional encryption (symmetric key encryption) and then using channel state information (i.e. amplitude and phase variation), which is location specific, to further encrypt the constellation before transmission. Since detection and demodulation are based upon the known signal constellation, which is not known in advance in our case, it becomes difficult for the eavesdropper to determine the original signal constellation. The data intercepted by the eavesdropper is unintelligible due to the combined effect of encryption and pre-compensation. Using bit error rate (BER) as performance metric, it is found that the eavesdropper suffers from high BER as compared to its legitimate counterpart hence providing secure communication. The developed scheme was tested with existing wireless communication standard IEEE 802.11 to show the practical application of the scheme.
In this paper we propose a scheme that provides physical layer security by combining two techniques known as encryption and channel pre-compensation. Encryption transforms the original signal constellation into a higher order constellation based on the key sequence generated by AES in counter-mode. Channel pre-compensation is performed based on the knowledge of channel, which is location specific, at the transmitter. These two techniques distort the original signal constellation which can only be recovered by the intended receiver. The proposed scheme not only makes the estimation of the constellation difficult but also the type of modulation that is used for the adversary. BER (bit error rate) is used as performance metric. We find that the adversary suffers from high BER as compared to the legitimate user; hence providing secure communication.
In this paper we consider the problem of secure communication between two nodes, over a fading wireless medium, in the presence of a passive eavesdropper. We propose a scheme that provides security based on transforming the basic signal constellation to a higher order signal constellation with the help of conventional encryption method and then using channel knowledge (i.e. amplitude and phase variation), which is location specific, to distort the constellation of encrypted data. This scheme not only makes the estimation of the constellation difficult but also the type of modulation that is used for the adversary. BER (bit error rate) is used as performance metric. We find that the adversary suffers from high BER as compared to its legitimate counterpart.
This paper proposes a new channel state based secure wireless communication mechanism to realize secure communication with a pre-equalization function in a physical layer. Researches of physical layer security have been proposed to achieve secure communication in physical layers. On the contrary, there are a few issues where terminals in a same direction can receive a message, overhead due to complex control mechanisms, special hardware, etc. This paper focusses on practical wireless communication environment, where multi-path signals are received at a receiver. It is common knowledge that a channel state according to multi-path signals is different when a position of a receiver is different. The transmitter of proposed scheme transmits an optimized signal to a receiver with pre-equalizing the signal according to the channel state between the transmitter and the receiver. Therefore, only the receiver that has the same channel state for the pre-equalizing can obtain the high quality signal from the transmitter, and can demodulate the signal correctly. As a result, eavesdroppers around the transmitter cannot equalize the received signal before a demodulation process for the received signal because they exist at a different place of the receiver. The numerical results show that the proposed scheme can realize secure communication in typical wireless channel models. It means that a legitimate receiver can demodulate a signal correctly and eavesdroppers suffer from demodulation errors. As a result, we can find that the proposed scheme can utilize a channel state as an encryption key in physical layer security communication.
A novel physical layer security scheme based on channel pre-compensation is proposed to enhance the communication security in Polarization Shift Keying (PolSK) modulated systems. By using channel pre-compensation, which is performed based on the knowledge of channel, the original signal constellation is distorted, so that only intended receiver can recover. The proposed scheme makes the estimation of the constellation difficult for the adversary. The security and efficiency performance of the proposed scheme are analyzed via simulations.
A common approach for introducing security at the physical layer is to rely on the channel variations of the wireless environment. This type of approach is not always suitable for wireless networks where the channel remains static for most of the network lifetime. For these scenarios, a channel independent physical layer security technique is more appropriate which will rely on a secret known to the sender and the receiver but not to the eavesdropper. In this paper, we propose CD-PHY, a physical layer security technique that exploits the constellation diversity of wireless networks which is independent of the channel variations. The sender and the receiver use a custom bit sequence to constellation symbol mapping to secure the physical layer communication which is not known a priori to the eavesdropper. Through theoretical modeling and experimental simulation, we show that this information theoretic construct can achieve Shannon secrecy and any brute force attack from the eavesdropper incurs high overhead and minuscule probability of success. Our results also show that the high bit error rate also makes decoding practically infeasible for the eavesdropper, thus securing the communication between the sender and receiver.
This paper introduces a novel physical layer secure communication technology based on wireless channel direct encryption to enhance the encryption strength of the information source. Unlike traditional methods of key generation based on the reciprocity of the wireless channel, which typically involve quantizing the wireless channel and then negotiating keys, resulting in two completely identical bit strings generated as encryption keys for upper-level cryptographic algorithms between legitimate communication parties, this paper's approach quantizes the quantized bits of the wireless channel characteristics of both legitimate parties and directly encrypts the information source bits by using a designed lightweight encryption/decryption algorithm. Compared to traditional approaches, this paper's method avoids the key consultation process for physical layer key distribution, expanding the scenarios for the use of physical layer keys. Moreover, it can work independently at the same time with the upper layer cryptography to enhance the encryption strength. Through experimental verification, it has been confirmed that, in cases where the channel error rate during information transmission is less than 5*10^-2, this model can achieve an average reception accuracy of 99.6% for legitimate communicators while ensuring that eavesdroppers cannot decrypt. This approach can also compatible with upper-layer security encryption/decryption algorithms at each layer of the OSI, e.g., data link layer and network layer, offering extensive application prospects.