Abstract In this study, a quantum secret sharing protocol based on mutually unbiased bases and its characteristics is proposed, and the implementation of the protocol is described in detail in the vehicular network environment. The protocol uses road condition information as the secret signal, which is distributed by the Traffic Control System. Vehicles participating in secret recovery can obtain road condition information, allowing them to plan their routes in advance and effectively avoid more severe traffic issues. The protocol employs two unitary matrices to encrypt data in a mutually unbiased basis and publishes the hash value of the data, ensuring unconditional security against both internal and external threats. The key rate serves as a critical parameter for proving the security of our protocol. A comprehensive analysis of the key rate's performance is conducted in relation to detection efficiency, depolarization probability, and transmission distance. Additionally, this study provides a security analysis supported by mathematical proofs. Compared to similar protocols, this protocol offers higher efficiency and requires shorter computation time, thereby enabling more efficient transmission of traffic signals and reducing traffic congestion and other related issues.
Abstract In this study, a quantum secret sharing protocol based on mutually unbiased bases and its characteristics is proposed, and the implementation of the protocol is described in detail in the vehicular network environment. The protocol uses road condition information as the secret signal, which is distributed by the Traffic Control System. Vehicles participating in secret recovery can obtain road condition information, allowing them to plan their routes in advance and effectively avoid more severe traffic issues. The protocol employs two unitary matrices to encrypt data in a mutually unbiased basis and publishes the hash value of the data, ensuring unconditional security against both internal and external threats. The key rate serves as a critical parameter for proving the security of our protocol. A comprehensive analysis of the key rate's performance is conducted in relation to detection efficiency, depolarization probability, and transmission distance. Additionally, this study provides a security analysis supported by mathematical proofs. Compared to similar protocols, this protocol offers higher efficiency and requires shorter computation time, thereby enabling more efficient transmission of traffic signals and reducing traffic congestion and other related issues.
Potential adversary and maliciously-behaved vehicles may cause traffic chaos or even lead to traffic accidents (particularly on traffic congestion crossroads). To address this issue, a novel security scheme is proposed for facilitating an efficient vehicular communication by employing a quantum secret sharing method. In the proposed scheme, the traffic control information is broadcasted regularly and shared among vehicles to reduce traffic congestion, and thus avoiding traffic accidents. Finally, we also demonstrate the superiority performance of our proposed scheme through theoretical and numerical simulation analysis.
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) connect numerous vehicles, allowing efficient vehicle-to-vehicle communication through a dedicated network. The dynamic connectivity of VANETs facilitates spontaneous communication among diverse vehicles, enabling real-time exchange of crucial information like traffic conditions, road hazards, and other pertinent data. This collaborative network enhances road safety and traffic efficiency by enabling vehicles to share information and adapt to changing conditions in their proximity, ultimately improving the overall transportation system. This paper proposes an authentication protocol designed to be unconditionally secure against quantum attacks. The research delves into integrating quantum authentication with blockchain technology to establish a secure framework for VANETs. We introduce a quantum blockchain framework focused on bolstering the security of VANETs. The paper provides a thorough analysis of the potential of quantum blockchain in addressing common security threats in VANETs, including data tampering, eavesdropping, and unauthorized access.
ABSTRACT With the rapid advancement of Internet of Vehicles technology (IoV), secure vehicle communication has become a core requirement for intelligent transportation systems. However, traditional cryptographic protocols face limitations in security, particularly against potential quantum computing attacks. This paper proposes an authenticable threshold quantum secret sharing protocol for secure vehicle communication. In this scheme, a traffic control system acts as the dealer, encoding traffic status or control commands into single‐photon states and distributing them to uniquely identified vehicles. Any vehicles within the vehicle cluster can collaboratively reconstruct the secret. Analysis shows that the protocol satisfies correctness and is resistant to common attacks, including intercept‐resend, entangle‐measure, man‐in‐the‐middle and Trojan horse attacks. Performance analysis quantifies the effect of noise on the transmission of quantum states and provides guidance for the choice of quantum states. Compared with existing vehicle security protocols, the proposed scheme demonstrates advantages in security and efficiency, making it suitable for high‐security IoV scenarios such as foggy highways and cooperative driving.
The emerging quantum technology has highlighted the necessity for secure and efficient secret sharing in quantum networks. In this paper, we introduce a verifiable multiparty counterfactual quantum secret sharing (QSS) protocol, enhancing security and efficiency. This QSS protocol utilizes a low-depth quantum circuit to encrypt and decrypt information, which comprises a unitary operator constructed using a preshared secret key. To ensure the robustness and verifiability of the shared secret key, the protocol imposes constraints on the participants with the Chinese remainder theorem. The most significant advantage of our proposed QSS protocol is incorporating counterfactual communication, which considerably enhances the scheme’s security by enabling exchange-free information sharing among participants, thereby minimizing the risk of eavesdropping or intercept-and-resend attacks. Furthermore, we incorporate a weighted-threshold mechanism that provides flexibility, enabling diverse use cases to design security protocols for quantum networks. The security analysis of the counterfactual QSS protocol and its implementation on IBM Quantum computers reveals strong resilience to internal and external attacks, along with high efficiency and robustness, making it effective for quantum encryption in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era.
Many cryptographic techniques have been proposed to conceive a secure and privacy-oriented vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) for its practical deployment. The security of these techniques requires a common secret key to be shared between the communicating entities or depend upon the premise that some mathematical problems are computationally hard. However, because of the open nature of the wireless medium, the communication cannot be kept confidential and is prone to eavesdropping. Furthermore, with the arrival of quantum computers, these techniques are prone to quantum attacks—the time complexity of the assumed hard problem gets reduced from millions of years to a few seconds. In this paper, we propose a conditional privacy-preserving authentication scheme based on a quantum key distribution protocol for vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication. Our scheme inherits the properties of the quantum key distribution protocol. It does not require a secret authentication key to be transmitted conventionally and is resistant to quantum attacks. Apart from protecting VANETs against generic security threats, including node impersonation, message tampering, and repudiation, our scheme defends VANETs against man-in-the-middle attacks, replay attacks, etc. Besides, our protocol ensures message unlinkability, vehicle-identity privacy, and vehicle traceability if a vehicle misbehaves. The results obtained from the performance evaluation of our scheme confirm reasonable values of information leakage, key length, bit error probability, etc.
Abstract Quantum secret sharing (QSS) plays a crucial role in quantum cryptography as a privacy preserving scheme. Designing an efficient QSS protocol requires addressing three key challenges: 1) dynamic agent membership (handling agents joining or leaving during execution), 2) adversarial resilience (ensuring robustness against dishonest agents), and 3) practical optimization (improving computational and communication efficiency while minimizing implementation cost). In this paper, a verifiable dynamic threshold QSS (VDQSS) protocol with authentication capability is proposed. The protocol employs single particles for both authentication and share distribution, combining homogeneous linear recursion (HLR) with mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) to reconstruct multiple secrets. This approach significantly enhances security while reducing protocol complexity. The correctness and practicality of the protocol are validated through experimental simulations. Analytical results demonstrate its robustness against common attacks, providing reliable security guarantees for quantum communications. Compared to existing QSS protocols, the protocol offers enhanced simplicity and practical applicability.