ABSTRACT With the rapid advancement of Internet of Vehicles technology (IoV), secure vehicle communication has become a core requirement for intelligent transportation systems. However, traditional cryptographic protocols face limitations in security, particularly against potential quantum computing attacks. This paper proposes an authenticable threshold quantum secret sharing protocol for secure vehicle communication. In this scheme, a traffic control system acts as the dealer, encoding traffic status or control commands into single‐photon states and distributing them to uniquely identified vehicles. Any vehicles within the vehicle cluster can collaboratively reconstruct the secret. Analysis shows that the protocol satisfies correctness and is resistant to common attacks, including intercept‐resend, entangle‐measure, man‐in‐the‐middle and Trojan horse attacks. Performance analysis quantifies the effect of noise on the transmission of quantum states and provides guidance for the choice of quantum states. Compared with existing vehicle security protocols, the proposed scheme demonstrates advantages in security and efficiency, making it suitable for high‐security IoV scenarios such as foggy highways and cooperative driving.
ABSTRACT With the rapid advancement of Internet of Vehicles technology (IoV), secure vehicle communication has become a core requirement for intelligent transportation systems. However, traditional cryptographic protocols face limitations in security, particularly against potential quantum computing attacks. This paper proposes an authenticable threshold quantum secret sharing protocol for secure vehicle communication. In this scheme, a traffic control system acts as the dealer, encoding traffic status or control commands into single‐photon states and distributing them to uniquely identified vehicles. Any vehicles within the vehicle cluster can collaboratively reconstruct the secret. Analysis shows that the protocol satisfies correctness and is resistant to common attacks, including intercept‐resend, entangle‐measure, man‐in‐the‐middle and Trojan horse attacks. Performance analysis quantifies the effect of noise on the transmission of quantum states and provides guidance for the choice of quantum states. Compared with existing vehicle security protocols, the proposed scheme demonstrates advantages in security and efficiency, making it suitable for high‐security IoV scenarios such as foggy highways and cooperative driving.
In foggy highways, the secure vehicular communication system can be very important in preventing traffic chaos, congestion, and accident; however, potential attackers may hack this system that can create many problems in controlling or managing the traffic. In this paper, we propose a quantum cryptographic protocol for secure vehicular communication for foggy highways, which is unconditionally secure against outside and participant attacks. The outside attacks include intercept, intercept-resend, entangle-measure, man-in-the-middle, collective, Trojan horse, and coherent attacks; whereas, the participant attacks include the collusion, forgery, and collision attacks. In this protocol, the traffic control system broadcasts the information regularly so that the vehicles can take appropriate action and avoid traffic chaos, congestion, and accidents. This protocol can be used on busy and foggy highways such as the interstate-75 highway in the United States, M4 motorway in England, Tohoku Expressway in Japan, and Yamuna Expressway in India to prevent vehicle collisions. Quantum cryptographic protocol for secure vehicular communication is important because they provide a highly secure method of communication that is immune to eavesdropping and interception. The motivation for developing the quantum cryptographic protocol for secure vehicular communication comes from the growing need for secure communication in the digital age.
A secure vehicular communication system is crucial for preventing vehicle collisions on foggy highways; however, unconditionally powerful attackers can be the reason for vehicle chaos and accidents. Quantum cryptographic protocols offer a solution by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics to provide inherently secure vehicular communication. The existing protocols cannot prevent quantum computer attacks. These protocols also require more computation costs. In this paper, we proposed a quantum protocol for vehicular communication based on Nash equilibrium, which can prevent quantum computer attacks. We use the Nash equilibrium to resist the collusion attack. In this protocol, we considered quantum attacks and computation costs as the performance parameters. The computation cost of this protocol isO(1)as the TCS only needs to perform a one-time computation for sharing the secret signal. In our protocol, the share of secret signals is regularly transmitted to the vehicles, and vehicles jointly compute the secret signals to avoid vehicle chaos and accidents. The proposed protocol can be deployed on foggy highways to avoid vehicle chaos and accidents.
Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is a hot research issue at home and abroad. However, with the development of intelligent, sharing and network connection of IoV technology, the security protection of IoV communication has become a focus. Traditional encryption technology relies on encryption systems, whose security relies on the difficulty of solving mathematical problems and cannot resist quantum computing attacks. The security of classical encryption-based data transmission has been challenged. Therefore, it is imperative to realize secure transmission in IoV based on quantum technologies such as quantum teleportation. In this paper, based on the secure transmission of shared secret states, the author has designed a model for the secure transmission of data among multiple vehicles, which does not require trusted client nodes and thus improves the performance against node attacks. Further, considering the communication distance in practical situations, the quantum repeater is introduced to construct a quantum state transmission model based on the quantum repeater in IoV to realize secure communication among multiple vehicles. Compared with traditional data transmission, the quantum state transmission data is more secure and unbreakable, which provides a new idea for constructing secure communication in IoV.
The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has the potential to improve the efficacy and safety of transportation, but it is also vulnerable to a variety of security threats. Traditional cryptographic methods are susceptible to vulnerabilities amid the imminent threat of quantum computation. In order to establish secure communication channels, this chapter investigates the integration of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) into IoV. It explores the principles of QKD, its advantages over classical cryptography, and the obstacles associated with its implementation in vehicular networks. Key management strategies are examined in the chapter, which also provides a thorough examination of QKD protocols that are appropriate for IoV. Additionally, it examines practical aspects, including resource optimization, error correction, and the establishment of quantum channels. This research safeguards critical vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications by addressing these challenges, thereby contributing to the development of robust and secure IoV systems.
Many cryptographic techniques have been proposed to conceive a secure and privacy-oriented vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) for its practical deployment. The security of these techniques requires a common secret key to be shared between the communicating entities or depend upon the premise that some mathematical problems are computationally hard. However, because of the open nature of the wireless medium, the communication cannot be kept confidential and is prone to eavesdropping. Furthermore, with the arrival of quantum computers, these techniques are prone to quantum attacks—the time complexity of the assumed hard problem gets reduced from millions of years to a few seconds. In this paper, we propose a conditional privacy-preserving authentication scheme based on a quantum key distribution protocol for vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication. Our scheme inherits the properties of the quantum key distribution protocol. It does not require a secret authentication key to be transmitted conventionally and is resistant to quantum attacks. Apart from protecting VANETs against generic security threats, including node impersonation, message tampering, and repudiation, our scheme defends VANETs against man-in-the-middle attacks, replay attacks, etc. Besides, our protocol ensures message unlinkability, vehicle-identity privacy, and vehicle traceability if a vehicle misbehaves. The results obtained from the performance evaluation of our scheme confirm reasonable values of information leakage, key length, bit error probability, etc.
Abstract In this study, a quantum secret sharing protocol based on mutually unbiased bases and its characteristics is proposed, and the implementation of the protocol is described in detail in the vehicular network environment. The protocol uses road condition information as the secret signal, which is distributed by the Traffic Control System. Vehicles participating in secret recovery can obtain road condition information, allowing them to plan their routes in advance and effectively avoid more severe traffic issues. The protocol employs two unitary matrices to encrypt data in a mutually unbiased basis and publishes the hash value of the data, ensuring unconditional security against both internal and external threats. The key rate serves as a critical parameter for proving the security of our protocol. A comprehensive analysis of the key rate's performance is conducted in relation to detection efficiency, depolarization probability, and transmission distance. Additionally, this study provides a security analysis supported by mathematical proofs. Compared to similar protocols, this protocol offers higher efficiency and requires shorter computation time, thereby enabling more efficient transmission of traffic signals and reducing traffic congestion and other related issues.