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Journal of Optics

Coherent manipulation of rotary photon drag by implication of Milnor polynomial

Muhsin Hayat, Muhammad Yousaf

Published Mar 19, 2025• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Subluminal and superluminal propagation of light, and normal and anomalous rotary photon drag are reported in this manuscript using control fields of the Milnor polynomial. A crater-type absorption spectrum is reported, having a central peak at the origin with a variation of positions. The normal and anomalous dispersion are associated with the low and high absorption regions. The group index varies in the range of − 1 × 10 7 ⩽ n g ⩽ 1 × 10 7 . This corresponds to a group velocity of v g = c / n g varying in the range of − 30 m s − 1 ⩽ v g ⩽ 30 m s − 1 . The maximum positive and negative delay times are measured to ± 0.002 s . It is reported that slow light propagation generates normal photon drag and fast light propagation generates anomalous rotary photon drag in a spinning medium. The rotary photon drag varies in the range of − 0.005 rad ⩽ θ d ⩽ 0.005 rad , where both normal and anomalous drag is also observed. The modified results will be useful in optical and biomedical sensors, and imaging and telecommunication technologies.

DOI
10.1088/2040-8986/adc27e

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Abstract This research explores an original strategy for regulating both sub-light and faster-than-light propagation, alongside rotary photon drag, in a spinning atomic medium. We utilize external fields based on the Rodrigues? representation of Legendre polynomials to exert high-precision command over light-matter interactions. Our results identify a characteristic dull-shaped absorbtion profile marked by a central maximum,?regions of minimal as well as maximal absorbtion correspond to normal and anomalous dispersion, respectively. By meticulously adjusting the medium’s parameters, we demonstrate significant modulation of the group velocity, reaching magnitudes of roughly (±6.0×104ms−1) (with a Slow/Fast light index fluctuation of ±5×103 at n = 2) and delay times of ±20 μ/Hz. A primary finding is the direct correlation between the rate of propagation and the orientation of the dragging effect, slow light triggers standard drag, whereas accelerated light results in reversed (anomalous) drag. This latter effect exhibits a measured drag angle θdr as high as (±0.005rad). These insights provide new foundations for the development of sophisticated optical and biomedical sensors, imaging arrays, and next-generation telecommunication frameworks. .

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Abstract The structured rotary photon drag is generated in a multiple‐level atomic medium driven by a probe and many control fields. The rotary photon drag is affected by the topological charges () of control fields. Both normal and abnormal rotary photon drag are described. According to the condition in the medium, normal and anomalous rotary photon drag are enhanced. The highest value of normal rotary photon drag is investigated to radian, and the highest value of anomalous rotary photon drag is investigated to radian in the position range of . The modified work of this manuscript is significant for sensing technology, photodetectors, and optical fiber communication.

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Abstract Quantum technology has the potential to revolutionize sensors and the Internet of Things (IoT). Efficient and secure data transfer among sensors and IoT devices is a major challenge. To address this, the manuscript presents coherent manipulation of the scattering cross section and its sensitivity based on subluminal propagation and rotary photon drag, using an atomic medium with two levels coupled with a cavity. The group index of the proposed atomic medium is measured in the range of $$-0.1\le n_g\le 150$$ - 0.1 ≤ n g ≤ 150 and group velocity in the range of $$2\times 10^6$$ 2 × 10 6 $$m/s\le v_g\le \pm 2\times 10^9$$ m / s ≤ v g ≤ ± 2 × 10 9 m/s. The maximum delay time is reported to $$t_g=0.3$$ t g = 0.3 $$\mu s$$ μ s and rotary photon drag to $$\theta _d=\pm 5$$ θ d = ± 5 micro radian. This effect of photon drag is used in sensing, energy harvesting, and optical switching in IoT. The scattering cross-section of $$0.1\times 10^{21}$$ 0.1 × 10 21 $$m^2$$ m 2 is reported. The scattering cross-section impacts the efficiency and reliability of quantum-based communication for IoT. The maximum cross-sectional sensitivity is measured to $$S_\sigma =0.4\times 10^{-19}m^2/n_r$$ S σ = 0.4 × 10 - 19 m 2 / n r . The cross-sectional sensitivity potentially impacts secure communication and highly precise detection in sensors and IoT.

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Abstract The absorption, dispersion and transmission are controlled and modified with the intensities of Laguerre–Gaussian control fields in a four level cesium atomic medium. The normal and anomalous slope of dispersion are investigated for subluminal and superluminal propagation. The maximum measured value of positive/negative group index is n g =±1×107, at which, the group velocity is ±30 ms−1. The maximum delay time between the two beams at the detector without dragging is 0.414 ns and in the presence of dragging is measured to 0.44 ns. The fractional change in delay time without and in the presence of dragging Δt F is measured to ±2%. The maximum phase shift without dragging is reported to 2.6 micro radian and in the presence of dragging is investigated to ±4 micro radian. The fractional change in phase shift is reported from −200% to 50% and may be used for gravitational waves detection and other signals identification.

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Rotary Photon Drag Enhanced by a Slow-Light Medium

Sonja Franke‐Arnold, Graham M. Gibson, Robert W. Boyd +1 more

Transmission through a spinning window slightly rotates the polarization of the light, typically by a microradian. It has been predicted that the same mechanism should also rotate an image. Because this rotary photon drag has a contribution that is inversely proportional to the group velocity, the image rotation is expected to increase in a slow-light medium. Using a ruby window under conditions for coherent population oscillations, we induced an effective group index of about 1 million. The resulting rotation angle was large enough to be observed by the eye. This result shows that rotary photon drag applies to images as well as polarization. The possibility of switching between different rotation states may offer new opportunities for controlled image coding.

Science•Jun 30, 2011•137 citations
Abstract Subluminal and superluminal propagation of light, and normal and anomalous rotary photon drag are reported in this manuscript using control fields of the Milnor polynomial. A crater-type absorption spectrum is reported, having a central peak at the origin with a variation of positions. The normal and anomalous dispersion are associated with the low and high absorption regions. The group index varies in the range of − 1 × 10 7 ⩽ n g ⩽ 1 × 10 7 . This corresponds to a group velocity of v g = c / n g varying in the range of − 30 m s − 1 ⩽ v g ⩽ 30 m s − 1 . The maximum positive and negative delay times are measured to ± 0.002 s . It is reported that slow light propagation generates normal photon drag and fast light propagation generates anomalous rotary photon drag in a spinning medium. The rotary photon drag varies in the range of − 0.005 rad ⩽ θ d ⩽ 0.005 rad , where both normal and anomalous drag is also observed. The modified results will be useful in optical and biomedical sensors, and imaging and telecommunication technologies.
Abstract This research explores an original strategy for regulating both sub-light and faster-than-light propagation, alongside rotary photon drag, in a spinning atomic medium. We utilize external fields based on the Rodrigues? representation of Legendre polynomials to exert high-precision command over light-matter interactions. Our results identify a characteristic dull-shaped absorbtion profile marked by a central maximum,?regions of minimal as well as maximal absorbtion correspond to normal and anomalous dispersion, respectively. By meticulously adjusting the medium’s parameters, we demonstrate significant modulation of the group velocity, reaching magnitudes of roughly (±6.0×104ms−1) (with a Slow/Fast light index fluctuation of ±5×103 at n = 2) and delay times of ±20 μ/Hz. A primary finding is the direct correlation between the rate of propagation and the orientation of the dragging effect, slow light triggers standard drag, whereas accelerated light results in reversed (anomalous) drag. This latter effect exhibits a measured drag angle θdr as high as (±0.005rad). These insights provide new foundations for the development of sophisticated optical and biomedical sensors, imaging arrays, and next-generation telecommunication frameworks. .
Abstract The structured rotary photon drag is generated in a multiple‐level atomic medium driven by a probe and many control fields. The rotary photon drag is affected by the topological charges () of control fields. Both normal and abnormal rotary photon drag are described. According to the condition in the medium, normal and anomalous rotary photon drag are enhanced. The highest value of normal rotary photon drag is investigated to radian, and the highest value of anomalous rotary photon drag is investigated to radian in the position range of . The modified work of this manuscript is significant for sensing technology, photodetectors, and optical fiber communication.
Abstract Quantum technology has the potential to revolutionize sensors and the Internet of Things (IoT). Efficient and secure data transfer among sensors and IoT devices is a major challenge. To address this, the manuscript presents coherent manipulation of the scattering cross section and its sensitivity based on subluminal propagation and rotary photon drag, using an atomic medium with two levels coupled with a cavity. The group index of the proposed atomic medium is measured in the range of −0.1≤ng≤150-0.1\le n_g\le 150−0.1≤ng​≤150 - 0.1 ≤ n g ≤ 150 and group velocity in the range of 2×1062\times 10^62×106 2 × 10 6 m/s≤vg≤±2×109m/s\le v_g\le \pm 2\times 10^9m/s≤vg​≤±2×109 m / s ≤ v g ≤ ± 2 × 10 9 m/s. The maximum delay time is reported to tg=0.3t_g=0.3tg​=0.3 t g = 0.3 μs\mu sμs μ s and rotary photon drag to θd=±5\theta _d=\pm 5θd​=±5 θ d = ± 5 micro radian. This effect of photon drag is used in sensing, energy harvesting, and optical switching in IoT. The scattering cross-section of 0.1×10210.1\times 10^{21}0.1×1021 0.1 × 10 21 m2m^2m2 m 2 is reported. The scattering cross-section impacts the efficiency and reliability of quantum-based communication for IoT. The maximum cross-sectional sensitivity is measured to Sσ=0.4×10−19m2/nrS_\sigma =0.4\times 10^{-19}m^2/n_rSσ​=0.4×10−19m2/nr​ S σ = 0.4 × 10 - 19 m 2 / n r . The cross-sectional sensitivity potentially impacts secure communication and highly precise detection in sensors and IoT.
Abstract The birefringence of rotary photon drags is investigated through induced chiral atomic medium. The birefringence of refractive and group indices, divergent angle and rotary photon drags were controlled and modified with detuning, phases and strength of Rabi frequencies of the driving fields. The value of divergent angle oscillated between ±0.01 radian with phases of control fields φ 3,4 and is minimum at φ 3 = π , while maximum at φ 4 = π . The right and left circularly polarized beams are drag clockwise due clockwise spinning of the medium in the normal dispersive region, while the right and left circularly polarized beams are drag clockwise due anticlockwise spinning of the medium in anomalous dispersive region. The maximum rotary photon drags of birefringent beams of light is calculated to ±5 milli radian. The results show advancement in molecular structure, dual image coding and image designing technology.
Abstract The absorption, dispersion and transmission are controlled and modified with the intensities of Laguerre–Gaussian control fields in a four level cesium atomic medium. The normal and anomalous slope of dispersion are investigated for subluminal and superluminal propagation. The maximum measured value of positive/negative group index is n g =±1×107, at which, the group velocity is ±30 ms−1. The maximum delay time between the two beams at the detector without dragging is 0.414 ns and in the presence of dragging is measured to 0.44 ns. The fractional change in delay time without and in the presence of dragging Δt F is measured to ±2%. The maximum phase shift without dragging is reported to 2.6 micro radian and in the presence of dragging is investigated to ±4 micro radian. The fractional change in phase shift is reported from −200% to 50% and may be used for gravitational waves detection and other signals identification.
Transmission through a spinning window slightly rotates the polarization of the light, typically by a microradian. It has been predicted that the same mechanism should also rotate an image. Because this rotary photon drag has a contribution that is inversely proportional to the group velocity, the image rotation is expected to increase in a slow-light medium. Using a ruby window under conditions for coherent population oscillations, we induced an effective group index of about 1 million. The resulting rotation angle was large enough to be observed by the eye. This result shows that rotary photon drag applies to images as well as polarization. The possibility of switching between different rotation states may offer new opportunities for controlled image coding.