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Chinese Journal of Lasers

基于耦合腔类电磁诱导透明的气体传感研究

谢显龙 Xie Xianlong, 刘波 Liu Bo, 徐文斌 Xu Wenbin, 王梦宇 Wang Mengyu

Published Jan 1, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

电磁诱导透明（EIT）效应在当前光学通信、光脉冲储存和量子信息处理等领域中有着很高的应用价值，耦合腔因其高局域化光场、可调控性强、结构简单等优点成为研究电磁诱导透明的极佳介质。基于耦合模理论探究了耦合腔作为类电磁诱导透明激发介质的可行性和优越性。利用时域有限差分法仿真实现了耦合腔中类EIT效应的激发，并对工业上常见气体进行了选择性检验，最后探究了耦合腔的间距对其类EIT激发情况及气体传感灵敏度和检测极限性能的影响。类EIT被激发时灵敏度有所降低但基本稳定且能达到205.166 nm/RIU（RIU为折射率单位），检测极限值达到了7.46×10-4 RIU，是未激发时的4.16倍。结果表明耦合腔可为电磁诱导透明提供优势平台，为实现易调控和高性能的光学传感器件提供了新的思路。

DOI
10.3788/cjl241080

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电磁诱导透明（EIT）效应在当前光学通信、光脉冲储存和量子信息处理等领域中有着很高的应用价值，耦合腔因其高局域化光场、可调控性强、结构简单等优点成为研究电磁诱导透明的极佳介质。基于耦合模理论探究了耦合腔作为类电磁诱导透明激发介质的可行性和优越性。利用时域有限差分法仿真实现了耦合腔中类EIT效应的激发，并对工业上常见气体进行了选择性检验，最后探究了耦合腔的间距对其类EIT激发情况及气体传感灵敏度和检测极限性能的影响。类EIT被激发时灵敏度有所降低但基本稳定且能达到205.166 nm/RIU（RIU为折射率单位），检测极限值达到了7.46×10-4 RIU，是未激发时的4.16倍。结果表明耦合腔可为电磁诱导透明提供优势平台，为实现易调控和高性能的光学传感器件提供了新的思路。
近年来，电磁诱导透明（EIT）效应得到了广泛的研究，特别是对其群延迟的动态可调谐在光通信领域有良好的应用前景。提出了一种一维光子晶体纳米梁腔辅助微环谐振腔的动态可调谐电磁诱导透明系统。在该系统中引入了石墨烯，通过改变石墨烯的费米能级实现了对类电磁诱导透明的开关调控和群延迟的动态调谐。此外，在改变纳米梁腔与微环谐振腔的耦合距离和微环谐振腔的半径时，实现了对EIT窗口“关—开—关”的调控。采用三能级原子系统解释了类EIT效应的物理机制，采用三维时域有限差分法对该结构进行仿真，并分析了该结构的传感特性和延迟特性，仿真结果表明，灵敏度为614.4 nm/RIU、品质因数为370.8、群延迟为7.1 ps、群指数高达895。该系统为光开关、传感器和慢光器件的研发提供了一种可行方案。
电磁诱导透明（EIT）现象是里德堡原子实现微波测量的基础，EIT光谱特性直接影响了微波场的测量精度。实验研究了耦合光拉比频率、探测光拉比频率以及原子气室温度对铯原子EIT光谱特性的影响，并从光学双稳态、原子间碰撞及原子密度变化等方面进行了理论分析。研究结果表明：随着耦合光拉比频率的增大，EIT光谱的宽度及不对称度呈现先增大后稳定的趋势；随着探测光拉比频率的增大，EIT光谱的宽度单调增大且拟合斜率随耦合光拉比频率的增大呈现先增大后稳定的趋势，而不对称度则出现增大、减小和增大、减小、增大两种变化趋势；随着原子气室温度的升高，二者呈现先增大后减小的趋势。该工作有利于优化量子微波测量装置的实验参数，提高微波测量灵敏度且有利于促进量子微波测量技术的实际应用。
Analogs of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) in metamaterial have undoubtedly become a research hotspot in recent years. In this paper, we summarized some of the literature on EIT published to date and compared their performance. Then, we designed two kinds of metamaterials using aluminum and silicon. Both have the similar glasses-shaped structure of a periodic lattice with one bar resonator and two split ring resonators. We analyzed and compared the EIT performance in the near infrared waveband of these two metamaterials. The metallic EIT metamaterials with large radiation loss and ohmic heat loss have a smaller Q-factor than the dielectric counterpart with less energy loss, while having a higher sensitivity toward the ambient refractive index. The Q-factor of our designed aluminum metamaterial and silicon metamaterial are 10.06 and 412.6, respectively. Their sensitivities are 1642.97 nm/RIU and 433.05 nm/RIU, respectively, which are higher than most of their counterparts in the same waveband in the other literature. For the application of slow light, the dielectric metamaterials with higher Q-factor are far superior to the metallic metamaterials in the same waveband and comparable propagation distance. The group index of the aluminum metamaterial is 42.9, and the group delay is 0.01 ps in the near infrared waveband. For the silicon metamaterial, the group index is approximately 1907.1, and the group delay is 0.89 ps within the transmission window in the near infrared waveband; these values are both higher than most counterparts in the same waveband in other literature. The EIT metamaterials that we designed have excellent performance, and to the best of our knowledge, this paper presents the first detailed comparison of EIT metamaterials made of dielectric and metal with similar structure; this paper may have certain instructive meaning for further research on metamaterial analogues of EIT in the future.
集成光子芯片为压缩态光场的产生提供了一个可靠和易于扩展的平台。基于低损耗氮化硅微环谐振腔的四波混频过程是产生压缩态光场的重要途径。本文基于氮化硅材料平台，优化了高质量氮化硅薄膜的制备工艺和微环谐振腔的加工过程，制备出多种尺寸和结构的低损耗氮化硅微环谐振腔。通过搭建的测试系统，系统分析了这些微环谐振腔的透射率、耦合状态和品质因子。实验结果表明，所制备的微环谐振腔具有稳定的本征品质因子，其中横截面尺寸为2000 nm′290 nm微环谐振腔的本征品质因子可达1.5′106，对应的波导传输损耗约为0.23 dB/cm。理论计算表明，该结构最优能够产生片上约9 dB的压缩态光场，当考虑总检测效率为40%时，预估可以直接观察到2 dB的压缩态。该研究为片上产生高质量的连续变量压缩态提供了实验基础。
提出了一种在室温多普勒展宽铷原子系统中实现双通道电磁诱导透明与电磁诱导吸收高效切换的方案。基于Y型四能级结构，采用缀饰微扰链方法，推导了探测场传输谱对波数失配、探测场强度及耦合场失谐的解析表达式。研究结果表明，通过将一子系统的探测场与耦合场波长设为相近（如780 nm与776 nm），可有效抑制多普勒展宽；另一子系统采用短波长耦合场（如480 nm）并匹配低衰减率激发态（如44D5/2），可获得高分辨率的双电磁诱导透明窗口。研究还发现，增强探测场可实现电磁诱导透明向电磁诱导吸收的转换，但强场引发的饱和与功率展宽效应会淹没双通道结构；通过增大耦合场失谐可有效抑制该效应，实现双通道电磁诱导吸收的高效、独立切换。本研究为在非均匀展宽介质中实现多通道量子光调控提供了理论依据，对多通道量子存储、光开关及频分复用光调制器等器件的设计具有指导意义。
Malaria remains a critical global health challenge, where rapid and stage-specific diagnosis differentiating ring, trophozoite, and schizont forms is essential for effective treatment. Surface plasmon resonance biosensors offer a powerful label-free detection platform; however, conventional implementations rely on bulky prism couplers that limit miniaturization and point-of-care applicability. In this work, we present a purely theoretical and numerical investigation of a novel prism-free SPR biosensor for malaria stage diagnosis, integrating a five-level 87 Rb atomic medium as an actively tunable substrate. Unlike passive dielectric layers, this atomic system exploits electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and microwave-driven double-dark resonances to achieve active, independent control over the real and imaginary parts of its dielectric permittivity, satisfying the stringent wavevector matching condition without an external prism. The sensor architecture comprises a blood analyte layer, a protective monolayer of MoS 2 , an optimized 38 nm copper film, and the atomic medium. Our full-wave numerical simulations, conducted using the transfer matrix method (TMM) at a 633 nm wavelength, systematically evaluate sensor performance across normal blood and infected stages. Our results demonstrate that the microwave field strength serves as a critical tuning parameter. At the optimal condition, the sensor achieves a maximum sensitivity of 227.7277 degree/ Refractive Index Unit (RIU), a minimum reflectivity of 0.0015, a narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.5263 ∘ , a figure of merit (FOM) of 432.666 RIU − 1 , and an ultra-low limit of detection (LOD) of 4.42 × 10 − 6 RIU. The resonance angle exhibits a clear, progressive shift across infection stages, with a total angular variation of approximately 3.93 ∘ between normal and schizont stages. This theoretical work establishes a new paradigm for compact, actively tunable SPR sensing, offering a promising pathway toward high-precision, stage-specific malaria diagnostics in resource-limited settings.