Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Physical Review A

Intracavity squeezing for a Kerr quantum nondemolition measurement scheme

Dariya Salykina, Stepan N. Balybin, Farid Ya Khalili

Published Jan 23, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In the work by Balybin et al. [Phys. Rev. A 108, 053708 (2023)], the scheme of quantum nondemolition measurement of optical quanta that uses a resonantly enhanced Kerr nonlinearity in the optical microresonator, presqueezing of the probe beam, and its parametric amplification before the detection was analyzed theoretically. It was shown that the main factor that limits the sensitivity of the considered scheme is the interplay of optical losses and the nonlinear self-phase modulation (SPM) effect. Here we show that using the intracavity squeezing of the probe beam in this scheme, it is possible to cancel out the SPM effect. In this case, the sensitivity will be limited only by the available power in the pump beam and by the input/output losses in the signal beam. Our estimates show that using the best optical microresonators currently available, the sensitivity for the intracavity photon number approaching the single-photon one can be achieved. Therefore, this scheme could be of interest for optical quantum information processing tasks.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.111.013715

Related papers

Intracavity squeezing for Kerr QND Measurement scheme

Dariya Salykina, Stepan N. Balybin, Farid Ya Khalili

In Ref. [Phys. Rev. A 108, 053708], the scheme of quantum non-demolition measurement of optical quanta that uses a resonantly enhanced Kerr nonlinearity in the optical microresonator, pre-squeezing of the probe beam, and its parametric amplification before the detection, was analyzed theoretically. It was shown that the main factor that limits the sensitivity of the considered scheme is the interplay of optical losses and the non-linear self-phase modulation (SPM) effect. Here we show that using the intracavity squeezing of the probe beam in this scheme, it is possible to cancel out the SPM effect. In this case, the sensitivity will be limited only by the available power in the pump beam and by the input/output losses in the signal beam. Our estimates show, that using the best optical microresonators currently available, the single-photon sensitivity for the intracavity photon number can be achieved. Therefore, this scheme could be of interest for optical quantum information processing tasks.

arXiv:2409.10222•Sep 16, 2024•0 citations

Improving the sensitivity of Kerr quantum nondemolition measurement via squeezed light

Stepan N. Balybin, Dariya Salykina, Farid Ya Khalili

In S. N. Balybin et al. [Phys. Rev. A 106, 013720 (2022)] the scheme of quantum nondemolition measurement of optical quanta that uses a resonantly enhanced Kerr nonlinearity in optical microresonators was analyzed theoretically. It was shown that using modern high-$Q$ microresonators, it is possible to achieve sensitivity several times better than the standard quantum limit. Here we propose and analyze in detail a significantly improved version of that scheme. We show that by using a squeezed quantum state of the probe beam and the antisqueezing (parametric amplification) of this beam at the output of the microresonator, it is possible to reduce the measurement imprecision by about one order of magnitude. The resulting sensitivity allows us to generate and verify multiphoton non-Gaussian quantum states of light, making the scheme considered here interesting for quantum information processing tasks.

Physical Review A•Nov 13, 2023•4 citations

Improving Kerr QND measurement sensitivity via squeezed light

Stepan N. Balybin, Dariya Salykina, Khalili, Farid Ya.

In ref [Phys. Rev. A 106, 013720], the scheme of quantum non-demolition measurement of optical quanta that uses a resonantly enhanced Kerr nonlinearity in optical microresonators was analyzed theoretically. It was shown that using the modern high-Q microresonators, it is possible to achieve the sensitivity several times better than the standard quantum limit. Here we propose and analyze in detail a significantly improved version of that scheme. We show, that by using a squeezed quantum state of the probe beam and the anti-squeezing (parametric amplification) of this beam at the output of the microresonator, it is possible to reduce the measurement imprecision by about one order of magnitude. The resulting sensitivity allows to generate and verify multi-photon non-Gaussian quantum states of light, making the scheme considered here interesting for the quantum information processing tasks.

arXiv:2210.00857•Oct 3, 2022•0 citations

Application of optical squeezing to microresonator based optical sensors

Dariya Salykina, Daniil Shakhbaziants, Igor Bilenko +1 more

High-Q optical microresonators combine low losses and high optical energy concentration in a small effective mode volume, making them an attractive platform for optical sensors. While light is confined in the microresonator by total internal reflection, a portion of the optical field, known as the evanescent field, extends outside. This makes the mode's resonant frequency sensitive to changes in the surrounding environment. In this work, we explore the quantum sensitivity limits of this type of sensors. We show that using the intracavity squeezing of the light in the microresonator, it is possible to suppress the influence of the optical losses and cancel the undesirable self phase modulation effect, originating from the cubic non-linearity of the microresonators media. As a result, the sensitivity surpassing the shot noise limit can be achieved. An additional sensitivity gain can be obtained by preparing the input light in a squeezed quantum state.

quant-pharXiv:2511.12138•Nov 18, 2025•0 citations

Practical design of the optical lever intracavity topology of gravitational-wave detectors

S. L. Danilishin, F. Ya. Khalili

The quantum nondemolition (QND) intracavity topologies of gravitational-wave detectors proposed several years ago allow us, in principle, to obtain sensitivity significantly better than the standard quantum limit using relatively small amount of optical pumping power. In this article we consider an improved more practical version of the optical lever intracavity scheme. It differs from the original version by the symmetry which allows to suppress influence of the input light amplitude fluctuation. In addition, it provides the means to inject optical pumping inside the scheme without increase of optical losses. We consider also sensitivity limitations imposed by the local meter which is the key element of the intracavity topologies. Two variants of the local meter are analyzed, which are based on the spectral variation measurement and on the discrete sampling variation measurement, correspondingly. The former one, while can not be considered as a candidate for a practical implementation, allows, in principle, to obtain the best sensitivity and thus can be considered as an ideal ``asymptotic case'' for all other schemes. The DSVM-based local meter can be considered as a realistic scheme but its sensitivity, unfortunately, is by far not so good just due to a couple of peculiar numeric factors specific for this scheme. From our point of view search of new methods of mechanical QND measurements probably based on improved DSVM scheme or which combine the local meter with the pondermotive squeezing technique, is necessary.

arXiv:gr-qc/0508022•Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields•Jan 19, 2006•17 citations

Quantum nondemolition measurements in optical cavities

P. M. Alsing, Gerard J Milburn, Daniel F. Walls

We analyze schemes for performing quantum nondemolition (QND) measurements in optical cavities. We consider three schemes: (1) measurement of a quadrature phase amplitude using a parametric process, (2) measurement of a quadrature phase amplitude using the optical Kerr effect in a nonlinear fiber, and (3) measurement of the photon number also using the Kerr effect in a fiber. We show that in the second scheme an enhancement of the QND effect may be obtained by making the cavity finesse for the signal larger than that for the probe.

Physical Review A•Apr 1, 1988•61 citations
In the work by Balybin et al. [Phys. Rev. A 108, 053708 (2023)], the scheme of quantum nondemolition measurement of optical quanta that uses a resonantly enhanced Kerr nonlinearity in the optical microresonator, presqueezing of the probe beam, and its parametric amplification before the detection was analyzed theoretically. It was shown that the main factor that limits the sensitivity of the considered scheme is the interplay of optical losses and the nonlinear self-phase modulation (SPM) effect. Here we show that using the intracavity squeezing of the probe beam in this scheme, it is possible to cancel out the SPM effect. In this case, the sensitivity will be limited only by the available power in the pump beam and by the input/output losses in the signal beam. Our estimates show that using the best optical microresonators currently available, the sensitivity for the intracavity photon number approaching the single-photon one can be achieved. Therefore, this scheme could be of interest for optical quantum information processing tasks.
In Ref. [Phys. Rev. A 108, 053708], the scheme of quantum non-demolition measurement of optical quanta that uses a resonantly enhanced Kerr nonlinearity in the optical microresonator, pre-squeezing of the probe beam, and its parametric amplification before the detection, was analyzed theoretically. It was shown that the main factor that limits the sensitivity of the considered scheme is the interplay of optical losses and the non-linear self-phase modulation (SPM) effect. Here we show that using the intracavity squeezing of the probe beam in this scheme, it is possible to cancel out the SPM effect. In this case, the sensitivity will be limited only by the available power in the pump beam and by the input/output losses in the signal beam. Our estimates show, that using the best optical microresonators currently available, the single-photon sensitivity for the intracavity photon number can be achieved. Therefore, this scheme could be of interest for optical quantum information processing tasks.
In S. N. Balybin et al. [Phys. Rev. A 106, 013720 (2022)] the scheme of quantum nondemolition measurement of optical quanta that uses a resonantly enhanced Kerr nonlinearity in optical microresonators was analyzed theoretically. It was shown that using modern high-QQQ microresonators, it is possible to achieve sensitivity several times better than the standard quantum limit. Here we propose and analyze in detail a significantly improved version of that scheme. We show that by using a squeezed quantum state of the probe beam and the antisqueezing (parametric amplification) of this beam at the output of the microresonator, it is possible to reduce the measurement imprecision by about one order of magnitude. The resulting sensitivity allows us to generate and verify multiphoton non-Gaussian quantum states of light, making the scheme considered here interesting for quantum information processing tasks.
In ref [Phys. Rev. A 106, 013720], the scheme of quantum non-demolition measurement of optical quanta that uses a resonantly enhanced Kerr nonlinearity in optical microresonators was analyzed theoretically. It was shown that using the modern high-Q microresonators, it is possible to achieve the sensitivity several times better than the standard quantum limit. Here we propose and analyze in detail a significantly improved version of that scheme. We show, that by using a squeezed quantum state of the probe beam and the anti-squeezing (parametric amplification) of this beam at the output of the microresonator, it is possible to reduce the measurement imprecision by about one order of magnitude. The resulting sensitivity allows to generate and verify multi-photon non-Gaussian quantum states of light, making the scheme considered here interesting for the quantum information processing tasks.
High-Q optical microresonators combine low losses and high optical energy concentration in a small effective mode volume, making them an attractive platform for optical sensors. While light is confined in the microresonator by total internal reflection, a portion of the optical field, known as the evanescent field, extends outside. This makes the mode's resonant frequency sensitive to changes in the surrounding environment. In this work, we explore the quantum sensitivity limits of this type of sensors. We show that using the intracavity squeezing of the light in the microresonator, it is possible to suppress the influence of the optical losses and cancel the undesirable self phase modulation effect, originating from the cubic non-linearity of the microresonators media. As a result, the sensitivity surpassing the shot noise limit can be achieved. An additional sensitivity gain can be obtained by preparing the input light in a squeezed quantum state.
The quantum nondemolition (QND) intracavity topologies of gravitational-wave detectors proposed several years ago allow us, in principle, to obtain sensitivity significantly better than the standard quantum limit using relatively small amount of optical pumping power. In this article we consider an improved more practical version of the optical lever intracavity scheme. It differs from the original version by the symmetry which allows to suppress influence of the input light amplitude fluctuation. In addition, it provides the means to inject optical pumping inside the scheme without increase of optical losses. We consider also sensitivity limitations imposed by the local meter which is the key element of the intracavity topologies. Two variants of the local meter are analyzed, which are based on the spectral variation measurement and on the discrete sampling variation measurement, correspondingly. The former one, while can not be considered as a candidate for a practical implementation, allows, in principle, to obtain the best sensitivity and thus can be considered as an ideal ``asymptotic case'' for all other schemes. The DSVM-based local meter can be considered as a realistic scheme but its sensitivity, unfortunately, is by far not so good just due to a couple of peculiar numeric factors specific for this scheme. From our point of view search of new methods of mechanical QND measurements probably based on improved DSVM scheme or which combine the local meter with the pondermotive squeezing technique, is necessary.
We analyze schemes for performing quantum nondemolition (QND) measurements in optical cavities. We consider three schemes: (1) measurement of a quadrature phase amplitude using a parametric process, (2) measurement of a quadrature phase amplitude using the optical Kerr effect in a nonlinear fiber, and (3) measurement of the photon number also using the Kerr effect in a fiber. We show that in the second scheme an enhancement of the QND effect may be obtained by making the cavity finesse for the signal larger than that for the probe.