In this paper, an innovative algorithm named quantum key distribution transceiver planning for key generation and consumption matching (QTP-GCM) is proposed to solve the problem of mismatch between key generation and consumption. Furthermore, the classical and quantum signal layered interleaved (CQLI) algorithm is proposed to achieve synergistic transmission of classical and quantum signals in multicore fiber networks. The simulation results show that CQLI scheme can improve the optical signal-noise ratio (OSNR) up to 5.32dB and improve the synergistic degree up to 0.536 compared to conventional channel allocation algorithm.
In this paper, an innovative algorithm named quantum key distribution transceiver planning for key generation and consumption matching (QTP-GCM) is proposed to solve the problem of mismatch between key generation and consumption. Furthermore, the classical and quantum signal layered interleaved (CQLI) algorithm is proposed to achieve synergistic transmission of classical and quantum signals in multicore fiber networks. The simulation results show that CQLI scheme can improve the optical signal-noise ratio (OSNR) up to 5.32dB and improve the synergistic degree up to 0.536 compared to conventional channel allocation algorithm.
Integrating quantum key distribution (QKD) with multicore fiber (MCF) optical networks to build large-capacity and high-security networks is a promising method to meet the traffic and security demand in the future. In this paper, an innovative algorithm named QKD Transceiver Planning for Key Generation and Consumption Matching (QTP-KGCM) is proposed to solve the problem of mismatch between key generation and consumption. On demand of achieving synergistic transmission of classical and quantum signal, a heuristic resource allocation algorithm named Classical and Quantum signals Layered Interleaved (CQLI) is proposed. Furthermore, this paper pro poses the Deep Q Network based Synergistic Resource Allocation (DQN-based SRA) algorithm in response to the limited effective ness, which is a common issue in heuristic resource allocation algorithms. Simulation results show that QTP-KGCM algorithm can ensure that secure key rate of generation exceeds consumption rate 94.7% of the time in real-time key consumption scenario, while secure key quantity of generation exceeds consumption 99.5% of the time in cumulative key consumption scenario. Compared with existing conventional channel allocation algorithm, CQLI algorithm achieves a maximum increase of 0.485 in synergistic degree. DQN-based SRA algorithm demonstrates superior synergistic degree performance, achieving a maximum improvement of 0.213 and 0.198 in synergistic degree compared with the CQLI algorithm and existing synergistic core and wave length allocation algorithm, respectively.
In this paper, we investigate measures to simultaneously improve the performance of classical and quantum key distribution systems in quantum access networks. First, we construct a multicore-fiber-based quantum access network architecture that supports simultaneous access to classical and quantum signals, and establish theoretical models of noise on classical and quantum channels. Secondly, a jointly optimized core wavelength allocation (JOCWA) scheme is proposed, which is applicable to multi-core fibers with any number of cores. Finally, simulation results show that the JOCWA scheme can improve the optical signal-to-noise ratio of the classical system by at least 20 dB, and can extend the secure transmission distance by about 35% compared with the benchmark scheme.
To ensure the security of optical networks in the future, integrating quantum key distribution (QKD) with optical networks is one of the solutions. Moreover, the optical network based on multi-core fiber (MCF) is also one of the ways to improve the transmission capacity. Therefore, we study the integration of QKD into MCF-enabled optical networks. Aiming at the resource allocation problem of MCF-enabled wavelength division multiplexing optical networks, this paper proposes a resource allocation scheme which is suitable for independent-core-transmission of classical signals and quantum signals. For core resource, we propose the alternate core allocation algorithm. For wavelength resource, we propose the iteration-based wavelength allocation algorithm. The overall scheme uses the proposed two algorithms to first allocate the core and then allocate the wavelength. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme has a great improvement in secret key rate (SKR) compared with the benchmark scheme on the regular hexagonal 7-core fiber and 19-core fiber. And the proposed scheme still has good performance under long transmission distance and high classical signal power.
To address the challenge of synergistic transmission for classical and quantum signals in multi-core fiber networks, this paper proposes a synergistic dual-agent reinforcement learning resource allocation scheme (S-DARL) based on multi-agent reinforcement learning framework. Two cooperating agents adopted in this scheme allocate the spectrum and core resources for quantum and classical signals, which are enabled to propagate together under the constraints of physical layer noise to achieve efficient encrypted data transmission. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme significantly reduces the blocking probability and improves the overall network synergistic degree compared to previous state- of-the-art heuristic methods.
In this paper, we propose core and wavelength allocation schemes for the simultaneous transmission of classical signals and quantum key distribution (QKD) over multi-core fiber (MCF), aiming to maximize the secure key rate, and evaluate the proposed schemes in sending-or-not-sending-QKD (SNS-QKD) and Bennett-Brassard-1984-QKD (BB84-QKD). First, we formulate the noise power on quantum channels, and propose a theoretical model of backward cascaded noise of four wave mixing and inter-core crosstalk considering modulation frequency of the classical signals. Also, the impact of noises on secure key rate is calculated in SNS-QKD and BB84-QKD. Then, we propose a core allocation algorithm in order to reduce the noise interference to quantum cores, and the quantum equal frequency spacing (qEFS) and the quantum unequal frequency spacing (qUFS) wavelength allocation schemes are proposed in the same-core (SC) and the different-core (DC) distribution. Finally, we perform numerical simulation and experimental evaluation for the proposed schemes. Compared with the conventional channel allocation (CCA) scheme in SNS-QKD, the proposed schemes can extend the secure transmission distance up to 78.8%. In BB84-QKD, the secure transmission distance can be extended up to 127.1% under SC-qUFS scheme. Experimental results show that the proposed schemes can suppress noise photons up to 57.54% compared to CCA scheme.
With the development of quantum key distribution (QKD), integration with classical communications has become one of the future development trends. In this paper, in order to solve the problems of fiber resource waste and noise interference in twin-field QKD (TF-QKD) where servo signals exist, we design a high-security and fiber-saving classical-quantum coexistence architecture that ensures both high security and efficient utilization of fiber resources, which is designed to be seamlessly compatible with quantum signals, servo signals of TF-QKD, and bidirectional classical signals over multicore fiber (MCF). Subsequently, an in-depth analysis of noise on the quantum channels is conducted. Furthermore, a quantum-priority core and wavelength allocation (QPCWA) scheme is proposed, which effectively reduces the noise interference from servo signals and classical signals to QKD, improving the performance of QKD. Simulation results show that the QPCWA scheme can extend the secure transmission distance up to nearly 300 km compared with the benchmark scheme. Experimental results show that the QPCWA scheme can effectively reduce noise photons by 50.8%. This research establishes a technical foundation for the integrated deployment of QKD and classical communications.