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Italian Conference on Optics and Photonics (ICOP)

A 780nm Fully-Fibered Laser System, for Quantum Sensors in Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers

Matteo Marchesini, Michelangelo Dondi, Leonardo Rossi, Gabriele Bolognini, M. Prevedelli, F. Minardi

Published Jun 17, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this proceeding we present the design and characterization of a relatively simple, compact, and cost-effective laser system for quantum technologies. It operates at 780 nm to work with Rubidium (Rb) atoms, and apart from the frequency locking setup it is entirely based on fiber components. This improves reliability and makes it less complex and more versatile with respect to a free-space system. We also describe our experimental setup, aimed at demonstrating the possibility of confining atoms in hollow-core photonic-crystal fibers (HCPCF), while still being able to keep atoms cold and performing quantum sensing measurements. We finally present our characterization of the system. The measured features (rms relative amplitude noise of 3·10-4at 1 s; linewidths well below 1 MHz; pressure in the vacuum chamber lower9mbar) indeed make our system a suitable candidate for applications in quantum sensors and atom interferometers, which are briefly discussed.

DOI
10.1109/icop62013.2024.10803640

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One of the prominent platforms for quantum technologies, cold atoms require reliable laser systems. We present the design, implementation, and characterization of a simple, compact, and economical laser system at 780 nm, entirely based on fiber components. Two semiconductor lasers at 1560 nm are amplified in a single erbium-doped fiber amplifier and frequency-doubled in a periodically-poled lithium niobate crystal. We characterize the amplitude noise and the linewidth of the lasers, as well as the SHG efficiency. With an RMS relative amplitude noise of 3 × 10−4 at 1 s and linewidths below 1 MHz, our system is suitable for cooling and trapping of Rb atoms.
In this paper, we present detailed high-resolution spectroscopy of rubidium (Rb) vapor confined within a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF). We find a very low level of additional frequency broadening associated with this confinement, with spectral features being only 1 MHz broader than the natural linewidth of the excited state. We show that this additional broadening is consistent solely with the atoms' transit across the fiber's optical mode. This low level of decoherence opens the door to a wide variety of applications including compact frequency standards and new types of quantum optical devices based on alkali-metal-loaded HC-PCFs. We highlight the low level of decoherence through observation of electromagnetically induced transparency in the confined vapor.
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Recently, quantum technology has gained a lot of interest knowing that this field is expected to provide new opportunities, especially regarding high sensitivity and precision in sensing applications. However, despite the efforts, most quantum sensors are still bulky and hardly operate outside a dedicated environment. In this paper, we present a new approach and the first step in paving the way for an all-fibered cell for alkali atom cooling aiming toward miniaturization of the quantum sensors. The fibered cell consists of a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HCPCF) based on a Kagome-Tubular Hybrid cladding [1] placed between two solid Polarizing Maintaining (PM) fibers with high reflection Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) forming a Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity.
We present an experimental realization of a noise-free and high-bandwidth quantum memory scheme using a rubidium vapor that is confined within the hollow core of a photonic crystal fiber. We achieve the same internal efficiencies as similar free-space experiments (30%) for 4.5-ns-long optical pulses but with a 100-fold reduction in the control-field power required. Modeling indicates that this efficiency could be improved to 88% with higher control powers and the implementation of techniques such as light-induced atomic desorption to increase the optical depth. The compactness, robustness, and low drive power of this approach lends itself to direct integration into large-scale fiber-based quantum processors.