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Physical Review A

High-resolution optical spectroscopy in a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

Christopher Perrella, P. S. Light, Thomas M. Stace, Fetah Benabid, Andre Nicholas Luiten

Published Jan 25, 2012• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we present detailed high-resolution spectroscopy of rubidium (Rb) vapor confined within a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF). We find a very low level of additional frequency broadening associated with this confinement, with spectral features being only 1 MHz broader than the natural linewidth of the excited state. We show that this additional broadening is consistent solely with the atoms' transit across the fiber's optical mode. This low level of decoherence opens the door to a wide variety of applications including compact frequency standards and new types of quantum optical devices based on alkali-metal-loaded HC-PCFs. We highlight the low level of decoherence through observation of electromagnetically induced transparency in the confined vapor.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.85.012518

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In this paper, we present detailed high-resolution spectroscopy of rubidium (Rb) vapor confined within a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF). We find a very low level of additional frequency broadening associated with this confinement, with spectral features being only 1 MHz broader than the natural linewidth of the excited state. We show that this additional broadening is consistent solely with the atoms' transit across the fiber's optical mode. This low level of decoherence opens the door to a wide variety of applications including compact frequency standards and new types of quantum optical devices based on alkali-metal-loaded HC-PCFs. We highlight the low level of decoherence through observation of electromagnetically induced transparency in the confined vapor.
We present high resolution measurements of Doppler free features within Rubidium (Rb) filled photonic crystal hollow core fibre (HC-PCF). Measurements within a Rb filled fibre with core diameter of 35μm show broadening of only 1 MHz associated with the transit time effect. This low level of additional broadening opens the door to compact frequency standards. We present initial spectroscopy of the narrow Rb 5S→5D two-photon transition within the fibre which we will use to create a compact frequency standard.
We present high-resolution spectroscopy of I(2) vapor that is loaded and trapped within the core of a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF). We compare the observed spectroscopic features to those observed in a conventional iodine cell and show that the saturation characteristics differ significantly. Despite the confined geometry it was still possible to obtain sub-Doppler features with a spectral width of ~6 MHz with very high contrast. We provide a simple theory which closely reproduces all the key observations of the experiment.
We present two-photon spectroscopy of a thermal rubidium vapor confined to the hollow core of a photonic-crystal fiber. Linewidths as narrow as 10 MHz were observed on the $5{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{D}_{5/2}$ transition enabling the hyperfine splitting of the excited state to be resolved. Very strong nonlinear absorption (>90>90%>90) was observed, with substantial absorption maintained over large detunings (9 GHz) from an intermediate state. These attributes make this system ideal for many frequency metrology and quantum optics applications.
[Truncated] This thesis concerns a new photonic technology based on hollow-core photonic-crystal fibre (HC-PCF) that has been loaded with an atomic vapour. It was demonstrated that this technology may have important applications in the fields of metrology and quantum optics. Furthermore, the small size and robustness of HC-PCF allows these devices to potentially be miniaturised for possible commercial and industrial applications. By filling the HC-PCF with an atomic vapour, excellent light-atom coupling can be attained as both the atoms and light are confined within the same volume. The small transverse dimensions of the fibre’s optical mode leads to high intensities at low input powers, enabling efficient driving of non-linear transitions which would otherwise be difficult with free-space optical systems. Additionally, long interaction lengths, obtained through an arbitrary length of HC-PCF, lead to large optical depths on these typically weak non-linear transitions. The non-linear transition employed here is the 5S1/2 → 5D5/2 rubidium (Rb) two-photon transition. This system is of great interest due to its non-linearity, long excited state lifetime, efficient excitation and large optical depth attained within the HC-PCF. A number of methods for loading a HC-PCF with Rb are discussed, along with proposed ideas for making this process more efficient. Spectroscopic techniques were used to investigate the effect of the fibre’s confined geometry upon the atomic spectra. Extensive theoretical modelling was employed to confirm the observed spectra and give insight to the mechanisms behind the observations. Using this experimental and theoretical knowledge, two applications were targeted: optical atomic frequency standards; and cross phase modulation for quantum logic gates.
We present high-resolution spectroscopy of Iodine vapour that is loaded and trapped within the core of a hollow-core photonic crystal fibre (HC-PCF). We compare the observed spectroscopic features to those seen in a conventional iodine cell and show that the saturation characteristics differ significantly. Despite the confined geometry it was still possible to obtain sub-Doppler features with a spectral width of ~6 MHz with very high contrast. We provide a simple theory which closely reproduces all the key observations of the experiment.