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arXiv:2405.12770 · Optics Continuum

All-fiber, near-infrared, laser system at 780 nm for atom cooling

Matteo Marchesini, Michelangelo Dondi, Leonardo Rossi, Gabriele Bolognini, M. Prevedelli, F. Minardi

Published Jul 1, 2024• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

One of the prominent platforms for quantum technologies, cold atoms require reliable laser systems. We present the design, implementation, and characterization of a simple, compact, and economical laser system at 780 nm, entirely based on fiber components. Two semiconductor lasers at 1560 nm are amplified in a single erbium-doped fiber amplifier and frequency-doubled in a periodically-poled lithium niobate crystal. We characterize the amplitude noise and the linewidth of the lasers, as well as the SHG efficiency. With an RMS relative amplitude noise of 3 × 10−4 at 1 s and linewidths below 1 MHz, our system is suitable for cooling and trapping of Rb atoms.

DOI
10.1364/optcon.525738

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IEEE photonics journal•May 20, 2024•5 citations
One of the prominent platforms for quantum technologies, cold atoms require reliable laser systems. We present the design, implementation, and characterization of a simple, compact, and economical laser system at 780 nm, entirely based on fiber components. Two semiconductor lasers at 1560 nm are amplified in a single erbium-doped fiber amplifier and frequency-doubled in a periodically-poled lithium niobate crystal. We characterize the amplitude noise and the linewidth of the lasers, as well as the SHG efficiency. With an RMS relative amplitude noise of 3 × 10−4 at 1 s and linewidths below 1 MHz, our system is suitable for cooling and trapping of Rb atoms.
In this proceeding we present the design and characterization of a relatively simple, compact, and cost-effective laser system for quantum technologies. It operates at 780 nm to work with Rubidium (Rb) atoms, and apart from the frequency locking setup it is entirely based on fiber components. This improves reliability and makes it less complex and more versatile with respect to a free-space system. We also describe our experimental setup, aimed at demonstrating the possibility of confining atoms in hollow-core photonic-crystal fibers (HCPCF), while still being able to keep atoms cold and performing quantum sensing measurements. We finally present our characterization of the system. The measured features (rms relative amplitude noise of 3·10-4at 1 s; linewidths well below 1 MHz; pressure in the vacuum chamber lower9mbar) indeed make our system a suitable candidate for applications in quantum sensors and atom interferometers, which are briefly discussed.
A new laser system is developed to laser cool rubidium atoms based on frequency doubling of a 1560 nm fiber bench. The use of telecom components gives a reliable and compact system robust compare to environmental perturbations. The laser system is validated by realizing a rubidium magneto-optical trap and an optical molasses. The laser system should find applications for onboard cold atoms experiments like inertial captors or atomic clocks. It is concluded that this laser system can also address potassium atoms which have a laser cooling wavelength of 767 nm.
In the development of the Cold Atom Physics Research Rack (CAPR) on board the Chinese Space Station, the laser system plays a critical role in preparing the all-optical 87Rb Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs). An all-fiber laser system has been developed for CAPR to provide the required optical fields for atom interaction and to maintain the beam pointing in long-term operation. The laser system integrates a 780 nm fiber laser system and an all-fiber optical control module for sub-Doppler cooling, as well as an all-fiber 1064 nm laser system for evaporative cooling. The high-power, single-frequency 780 nm lasers are achieved through rare-Earth doped fiber amplification, fiber frequency-doubling, and frequency stabilization technology. The all-fiber optical control module divides the output of the 780 nm laser system into 15 channels and regulates them for cooling, trapping, and probing atoms. Moreover, the power consistency of each pair of cooling beams is ensured by three power tracking modules, which is a prerequisite for maintaining stable MOT and molasses. A high-power, compact, controlled-flexible, and highly stable l064 nm all-fiber laser system employing two-stage ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier (YDFA) technology has been designed for evaporative cooling in the optical dipole trap (ODT). Finally, an all-optical 87Rb BEC is realized with this all-fiber laser system, which provides an alternative solution for trapping and manipulating ultra-cold atoms in challenging environmental conditions.
In conclusion, we have developed a new laser system to laser cool rubidium atoms based on frequency doubling of a 1560 nm fiber bench. The use of telecom components gives us a reliable and compact system robust compare to environmental perturbations. Our laser system should find applications for onboard cold atoms experiments like inertial captors or atomic clocks. For example, our laser could be used in matter wave interferometers in space like the project ICE supported by CNES. We should also point out that our laser system can also address potassium atoms which have a laser cooling wavelength of 767 nm.
The modulation transfer spectroscopy (MTS) technique used to stabilize two different transition lines of rubidium, required for laser cooling of atoms, is investigated. The laser source is based on a 1560 nm semiconductor laser diode that is amplified by an erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). The laser output is frequency doubled with a fiber coupled periodically poled Lithium Niobate (PPLN) crystal to 780 nm. To address the weak spectral features of repumping laser, a theoretical study is conducted followed by experimental verification. The 87Rb D2 line F = 1 → F' = 0 transition temperature-enhanced MTS signal is observed, which provides a choice to stabilize the repumping laser frquency on the F = 1 → F ' = 2 transition using frequency shifting with acousto-optic modulators (AOMs). Compared with the orignal MTS signal, this method is shown to be more stable and accurate for laser frequency locking. Laer frequency locking is realized by controlling the driving current of the seed laser using digital PID feedback. After locking, the laser linewidth is 35.36 kHz.