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International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)

Design, Assembly and Geometric Characterization of Linear Paul Trap using Solidworks, Microscope, and Collimated Laser Beam

Naleli Jubert Matjelo, Ncamiso B. Khanyile

Published May 27, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, the schematics of a linear Paul trap, designed using Solid works are presented. A careful procedure followed during electrode alignment, under the microscope, is discussed in detail. The assembled linear Paul trap is then characterized using a collimated 369 nm laser beam and the results are presented, analyzed, and discussed. The trap geometric parameters found in this work help guide the trap compensation with static potentials and characterization ofthe stability diagram of the ion trap.

DOI
10.21275/mr21513050603

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In this paper, the schematics of a linear Paul trap, designed using Solid works are presented. A careful procedure followed during electrode alignment, under the microscope, is discussed in detail. The assembled linear Paul trap is then characterized using a collimated 369 nm laser beam and the results are presented, analyzed, and discussed. The trap geometric parameters found in this work help guide the trap compensation with static potentials and characterization ofthe stability diagram of the ion trap.
In this work, we present the design, construction, and characterization of a linear Paul trap in a blade configuration. The trap was optimized to minimize micromotion and enable the formation of linear ion chains comprising tens of ions. We discuss the design requirements for low axial micromotion and reduced capacitance and describe the simulation and optimization of the trap design parameters. The assembled trap is characterized through direct measurements of the axial and radial confinement frequencies using the tickling method. We identify deviations from the target design due to manufacturing tolerances and present a compensation procedure to calibrate and correct for these effects.
Through finite-element simulation, the axial potential distribution of the ion trap is analyzed. The effects of the central hole diameter of the end cap and the spacing between the two end caps on the axial geometric parameters of the ion trap are investigated. Based on these findings, a set of linear Paul traps is designed by selecting suitable end caps and quadrupoles. Stable trapping of calcium ions (Ca+) is successfully achieved, and these ions are subsequently laser-cooled into ionic Coulomb crystals. In the experiment, secular motion excitation of the Ca+ ion Coulomb crystal is performed, yielding an axial geometric parameter of 0.115(1) for the ion trap. This value aligns well with the simulation result of 0.114(2). The precise determination of the axial geometric parameter provides a solid foundation for subsequent high-precision optical or mass spectrometry measurements.
An effective method for determining the geometric parameters of a linear Paul trap is provided and carried out in this paper. The method is based on exciting the secular motion of laser-cooled Ca+ ions in a linear Paul trap with varied trapping potentials. Taking advantage of the segmented structure of the linear Paul trap, both the axial and the radial geometric parameters are obtained by applying external excitation fields to the trapping electrodes directly. The axial geometric parameter of our linear Paul trap is determined to be 0.374(3), and, for the first time, the radial geometric parameter is determined to be 0.928(2).
We have fabricated a miniature three-segment linear Paul trap with r 0=0.6 mm and 2Z 0=4 mm. In order to perform quantum-state manipulation of trapped 40 Ca+ ions, we discuss the required harmonic oscillation frequencies which allow us to perform effective sideband cooling and have measured those that depend on the dimensions of the trap. A laser beam that has a component in the radial direction of the linear trap as well as that propagating along the trap axis has been used to detect the fluorescence spectra of the 42 S 1/2–42 P 1/2 transition. We have observed that the profile of the fluorescence spectrum obtained with the side laser beam is markedly different from that obtained with the axial laser beam due to micromotion. By applying additional DC voltages, the micromotion has been compensated, its amplitude has been estimated, and crystallization has been observed for two 40 Ca+ and four 40 Ca+ ions.
The miniaturization of ion trap and the precise placement of its electrodes are necessary for the integration of a microcavity to facilitate efficient ion-cavity coupling. We present a miniature monolithic ion trap made of gold-coated fused silica with high numerical aperture access. A laser writing method referred to as selective laser etching is employed to extract a trap structure from a block of fused silica. The fully monolithic structure eliminates the need for any post-fabrication alignment. Trenches are integrated into this structure such that the various electrodes on the monolithic device remain electrically isolated following their metalization via evaporative coating. We give details of the trap design and production, along with the demonstration of successful trapping of ions and characerization of the trap.
We present the design, fabrication, and characterization of a monolithic, segmented, three-dimensional linear Paul ion trap for quantum science applications. The trap is fabricated from a single fused-silica block using selective laser-induced etching (SLE) and is subsequently metallized, forming electrodes isolated by self-shadowing trench structures without the need for layer alignment or external shadow masks. The segmented electrodes allow for shaping of the axial potential, enabling the creation of anharmonic potential wells, such as those required for equidistant ion strings. In addition, they enable shuttling and splitting of ion chains. We discuss key design choices and SLE-imposed constraints on achievable feature sizes, and evaluate electron-beam evaporation and magnetron sputtering as metallization approaches. Across two independent experimental setups, we demonstrate stable trapping and control of linear chains of up to 33 40^{40}40Ca+^++ ions, including approximately equally spaced configurations. The measured secular frequencies in both traps agree with boundary-element simulations at the percent level, with residual deviations attributed to stray electric fields in the presence of anharmonic axial potentials, rather than fabrication imperfections. We measure axial micromotion field strengths on the order of 100 V/m along the trap axis, in approximate agreement with simulations. For radial mode frequencies near 2 MHz and an ion-electrode distance of 300 um, we measure heating rates of the order of 10 quanta/s in all but one motional mode, which is elevated by a technical noise source. The presented trap design is thus suitable for a wide range of quantum science applications and demonstrates the viability of SLE for the fabrication of finely segmented, monolithic, three-dimensional ion traps.