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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Fringes and Light Shift in CPT-Ramsey Spectroscopy

Atsuo Morinaga, Shinya Yanagimachi

Published Nov 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The CPT-Ramsey fringes are solved based on the time evolution of the Bloch vector and are calculated in the steady-state condition and in the pre-steady state condition. A consistent formula of the light shifts in the CPT-Ramsey fringes is presented due to the detection-time, the free evolution time, and the excitation-time. For a further reduction of the light shift, we propose to use the CPT-Ramsey fringes in the pre-steady state condition.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/2889/1/012043

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Abstract The CPT-Ramsey fringes are solved based on the time evolution of the Bloch vector and are calculated in the steady-state condition and in the pre-steady state condition. A consistent formula of the light shifts in the CPT-Ramsey fringes is presented due to the detection-time, the free evolution time, and the excitation-time. For a further reduction of the light shift, we propose to use the CPT-Ramsey fringes in the pre-steady state condition.
The Ramsey method has been applied by means of optical coherent population trapping (CPT) pulses through a cesium vapor cell with N/sub 2/ buffer gas at room temperature, using two phase-locked lasers. With this method, CPT resonance spectral widths are no longer limited by optical saturation and collision effects, but only depend on free evolution time between the two pulses. A fringe width below 100 Hz is reported. Experimental Raman-Ramsey fringes are analyzed using the classical wavefunction formalism.
Abstract In this study, the difference detection magnetic optical rotation (MOR) Ramsey-coherent population trapping (CPT) interference fringe signal was taken as the object for research. By solving the optical Bloch equations, the analytic function solution was obtained. An experimental platform was also used to obtain the MOR Ramsey-CPT interference fringe signal experimentally. The experimental results match the results for the calculation of the analytic function. Use of the analytic function solution is convenient and effective for studying the Ramsey-CPT interference phenomenon.
We both numerically and analytically investigate on the light shift in Ramsey-CPT resonance for compact atomic clocks. The numerical calculation of the light shift is based on a density matrix analysis in Λ-type three state model. And the analytical method leads to an estimation equation of light shift in the Raman-Ramsey scheme. The estimation equation expresses the relationship between light shift and all pulse parameters. The results show that the estimation equation was reproduced well as the numerical results.
The off-resonant ac Stark shift for coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances probed with Ramsey spectroscopy is investigated experimentally and theoretically. Measurements with laser-cooled 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms show excellent quantitative agreement with a simple theory. The shift depends on the relative intensity of the two CPT light fields, but depends only weakly on the total intensity. Since the origin of the shift is through couplings of the interrogation light to off-resonant excited-state hyperfine levels, the size and sign of the shift depend on the specific interrogation scheme. The theory also shows that for several commonly used interrogation schemes it is possible to minimize the off-resonant light shift or its dependence on the CPT intensity ratio by properly selecting the system parameters.
We present a rigorous justification for the applicability of the recently developed methods of generalized autobalanced Ramsey spectroscopy (GABRS) [V. I. Yudin et al., Phys. Rev. Appl. 9, 054034 (2018)] and combined error signal in Ramsey spectroscopy (CESRS) [ , New J. Phys. 20, 123016 (2018)] for resonances of coherent population trapping (CPT). A protocol of modified combined error signal for CPT resonances is also proposed, in which two successive interrogations of atoms under different times of free evolution are integrated in one cycle. The implementation of the GABRS and CESRS methods in a compact atomic clock based on the CPT effect allows us to significantly suppress the light shift and its fluctuation, which will lead to an improvement in the long-term stability and accuracy of these devices. Moreover, these spectroscopic schemes are insensitive to various distortions of the pulse shape, relaxation processes, errors in the generation of phase jumps, etc., which provides their high reliability and immunity to perturbations.
This paper presents a theoretical and experimental investigation on the light shift (AC Stark shift) of the 62S1/2(F = 3 ↔ 4) transition in133Cs, as observed through coherent population trapping (CPT) under a pulsed excitation. The calculated results are good agreement in the experimental results on various parameters and show that the light shift under pulsed excitation is 20∼30 times less than that under continuous excitation. In addition, this paper also presents a two-step pulse method for suppressing the light shift.