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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Analytical function study of Ramsey-CPT interference fringe with experimental verification

Huifang Lin, Kejun Shang, Yuan Tian, Jie‐Hua Chen, Sihong Gu

Published Feb 24, 2020• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract In this study, the difference detection magnetic optical rotation (MOR) Ramsey-coherent population trapping (CPT) interference fringe signal was taken as the object for research. By solving the optical Bloch equations, the analytic function solution was obtained. An experimental platform was also used to obtain the MOR Ramsey-CPT interference fringe signal experimentally. The experimental results match the results for the calculation of the analytic function. Use of the analytic function solution is convenient and effective for studying the Ramsey-CPT interference phenomenon.

DOI
10.1088/1361-6455/ab793c

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Abstract In this study, the difference detection magnetic optical rotation (MOR) Ramsey-coherent population trapping (CPT) interference fringe signal was taken as the object for research. By solving the optical Bloch equations, the analytic function solution was obtained. An experimental platform was also used to obtain the MOR Ramsey-CPT interference fringe signal experimentally. The experimental results match the results for the calculation of the analytic function. Use of the analytic function solution is convenient and effective for studying the Ramsey-CPT interference phenomenon.
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Abstract Ramsey spectroscopy via coherent population trapping (CPT) is essential in precision measurements. The conventional CPT-Ramsey fringes contain numbers of almost identical oscillations and so that it is difficult to identify the central fringe. Here we experimentally demonstrate a temporal analog of Fabry–Pérot resonator via double-Λ CPT of laser-cooled 87Rb atoms. By inserting a periodic CPT pulse train between the two CPT-Ramsey pulses, due to the constructive interference of spin coherence, the transmission spectrum appears as a comb of equidistant peaks in frequency domain and thus the central Ramsey fringe can be easily identified. From the five-level Bloch equations for our double-Λ system, we find that the multi-pulse CPT interference can be regarded as a temporal analog of Fabry–Pérot resonator. Because of the small amplitude difference between the two Landé g factors, each peak splits into two when the external magnetic field is not too weak. This splitting is exactly linear with the magnetic field strength and thus can be used for measuring a magnetic field without involving magneto-sensitive transitions.
The Ramsey method has been applied by means of optical coherent population trapping (CPT) pulses through a cesium vapor cell with N/sub 2/ buffer gas at room temperature, using two phase-locked lasers. With this method, CPT resonance spectral widths are no longer limited by optical saturation and collision effects, but only depend on free evolution time between the two pulses. A fringe width below 100 Hz is reported. Experimental Raman-Ramsey fringes are analyzed using the classical wavefunction formalism.
Coherent-population trapping (CPT) is a multilevel quantum coherence phenomenon of promising applications in atomic clocks and magnetometers. In particular, multipulse CPT Ramsey interferometry is a powerful tool for improving the performance of CPT atomic clocks. Most studies on multipulse CPT Ramsey interferometry consider periodic pulse sequence and time-independent detuning. However, to further improve the accuracy and precision, one may modify the spectrum symmetry which involves a pulse sequence with time-dependent detuning or phase shift. Here we theoretically analyze the multipulse CPT Ramsey interferometry under arbitrary pulse sequences of time-dependent detuning and obtain a general analytical formula. Using our formula, we analyze the popular CPT Ramsey interferometry schemes such as two-pulse symmetric and antisymmetric spectroscopy and multipulse symmetric and antisymmetric spectroscopy. Under periodic pulses, we quantitatively obtain the influences of pulse width, pulse period, pulse number, and Rabi frequency. Furthermore, we examine the impact of CPT pulses and Rabi frequency on the light shift in both two-pulse and multipulse CPT Ramsey interference. Our theoretical results can guide the experimental design to improve the performance of atomic clocks via multipulse CPT Ramsey interferometry.