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Журнал Экспериментальной и Теоретической Физики

ISTOChNIKUL'TRAKhOLODNYKh ATOMOV 87Rb DLYa ATOMNOGO INTERFEROMETRA-GRAVIMETRA

Anatoly E. Bonert, Andrei Goncharov, D.N. Kapusta, Прудников Олег Николаевич, A. V Taychenachev, Sergei N Bagaev

Published Nov 1, 2024• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The results of experimental studies on creating a source of ultracold atoms 87 Rb for an absolute quantum gravimeter based on atomic interference are presented. The studies resulted in sub-Doppler cooling of atoms 87 Rb in a magneto-optical trap and in obtaining a cloud ~10 7 -10 8 of atoms with a temperature of 6 мкК. Using microwave radiation and optical pumping, the preparation of ultracold atoms in the initial state |F = 1, mF = 0〉is carried out and experiments are performed to observe Ramsey resonances at the transition |F = 1, mF = 0〉 → |F = 2, mF = 0〉during the interaction of the atomic cloud with unidirectional Raman radiation pulses.

DOI
10.31857/s004445102410002x

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The results of experimental studies on creating a source of ultracold atoms 87 Rb for an absolute quantum gravimeter based on atomic interference are presented. The studies resulted in sub-Doppler cooling of atoms 87 Rb in a magneto-optical trap and in obtaining a cloud ~10 7 -10 8 of atoms with a temperature of 6 мкК. Using microwave radiation and optical pumping, the preparation of ultracold atoms in the initial state |F = 1, mF = 0〉is carried out and experiments are performed to observe Ramsey resonances at the transition |F = 1, mF = 0〉 → |F = 2, mF = 0〉during the interaction of the atomic cloud with unidirectional Raman radiation pulses.
In this work, we created a source of ultracold atoms for a quantum interferometer-gravimeter. A cloud of 107−10810^{7}-10^{8}107−108 atoms with the temperature of around 6 uK was obtained. An effective selection of rubidium atoms in the nonmagnetic sub-state was carried out.
This work was aimed at improving metrological characteristics of the developed atomic interferometer-based gravimeter. We investigated a preparation of ultracold 87Rb atoms in a magnetically insensitive quantum state. Numerical modeling of optical pumping of rubidium atoms to the ∣F=1, m=0⟩ state was performed using the ∣F=1⟩↔∣F′=0⟩ transition by solving rate equations that describe the population distribution among magnetic sublevels of the ground state. Simulation results demonstrate the high efficiency of the selected pumping scheme (~100%) without significant heating of the atomic cloud. Implementation of this method enables preparation of 87Rb atoms in the magnetically insensitive ∣F=1, m=0⟩ state with efficiency >95% and a temperature increase of only 1 μK. The use of optical pumping results in more than a fourfold improvement in the gravimeter sensitivity, achieving 5.2 mGal/√Hz. A compensation of the gravimeter vibration noise was performed using a post-correction method together with an accelerometer data. Implementation of this technique improved the output metrological characteristics of the gravimeter by a factor of two.
A light-pulse atom interferometer for inertial sensing applications such as gravimetry is being commissioned, where the prototype has a target relative precision (σ g /g) of one part per million to enable geophysics applications, which is three orders of magnitude less sensitive than commercial optical gravimeters, but with the potential to exceed these. As part of this, a rubidium-85 magneto-optical trap was upgraded using optical amplification and fibre optics to capture an atom population number of O(10 8 ) and sub-Doppler cooling techniques have been used to reach ultracold temperatures of 20 μK. Several interferometer subsystems have been developed, including extensive optical systems featuring a high-specification optical modulator and laser-induced fluorescence detection. Preliminary investigations into the coherent manipulation of atomic states have been implemented and the resonance peak of a stimulated Raman transition has been observed.
This thesis presents progress on a path to Rubidium-85 Feshbach molecules that could be used for magnetometery and other experiments. An apparatus including a magneto-optical trap, magnetic trap, and dual laser dipole trap has been modified for studies of the 155 G Feshbach resonance and associated production of ultracold Rubidium-85 molecules. Modifications include changes in the optical pumping technique to spin-polarize Rubidium-85 atoms in the F=2, mF =-2 hyperfine state. In addition, we constructed a dual 6.8 GHz and 3.0 GHz source and a 3 GHz microwave amplifier to evaporatively cool Rubidium-87 and Rubidium-85 and allow for more control of the atomic spin. These modifications and techniques will aid in manipulating the atomic spins in future experiments. As an example, we perform microwave spectroscopy on Rubidium-85 atoms from which we infer a residual magnetic field in the MOT cell of 170 +/- 5 mG. We also found the |F=2, mF = 0> to |F=3, mF = 0> transition to have a Rabi Frequency of 8.9 +/- 0.5 kHz, the |F=2, mF = 0> to |F=3, mF = -1> transition to have a Rabi frequency of 10.1 +/- 0.5 kHz, and the |F=2, mF = 0> to |F=3, mF = +1> transition to have a Rabi frequency of 11.0 +/- 0.5 kHz.
Ultracold atoms are a desirable substrate for experiments in quantum optics due to their highly coherent nature. Magneto-Optical Traps (MOTs) are a commonly used apparatus for producing clouds of cold, neutrally charged atoms such as Rubidium. The method relies on the effect of Doppler cooling, where laser light that has been detuned slightly below an atomic resonance results in a net cooling effect on the atoms, and magnetic trapping, where a linear magnetic field gradient results in a position dependent restoring force that traps the desired atoms at a central point. In the UVic AMO lab, we aim to build a MOT that is capable of producing ultracold rubidium clouds with temperatures on the order of 10μK.
Abstract The precision measurement of acceleration due to gravity (g) for potential scientific and industrial applications requires the use of absolute quantum gravimeters (AQGs) as quantum sensors. In this study, the development of magneto-optical trap (MOT) for the Rubidium-87 ( 87 Rb) atoms for integration into an atomic gravimeter has been discussed. The MOT serves as a critical component for the cooling and trapping of neutral atoms, providing a high flux, low temperature atomic ensemble for subsequent measurements in cold atomic physics, such as inertial navigation, exploration, and gravity mapping. Our setup emphasizes compactness without compromising atom number or temperature performance using the single 780 nm extended cavity diode laser. We have presented the optimized optical layout for efficient atom cooling, trapping, and detection. The obtained results show atom loading rate of ∼6.02 × 10 8 atoms within 221 ms that provides fast data acquisition for the entire cycle of AQG. The fluorescence signal from free falling MOT is also obtained, which provides time-of-flight of 211 ms and temperature of 57 μK. The system is robust against environmental perturbation and offers valuable insights into the advancement of atomic ensemble for the realization of high precision quantum sensors for geophysical and navigation applications.