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International Conference Laser Optics (ICLO)

A Source of Ultracold 87Rb Atoms For an Atom Interferometer-Gravimeter

A E Bonert, Andrei Goncharov, D.N. Kapusta, Прудников Олег Николаевич, А. В. Тайченачев, Sergei N Bagayev

Published Jul 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this work, we created a source of ultracold atoms for a quantum interferometer-gravimeter. A cloud of $10^{7}-10^{8}$ atoms with the temperature of around 6 uK was obtained. An effective selection of rubidium atoms in the nonmagnetic sub-state was carried out.

DOI
10.1109/iclo59702.2024.10623954

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In this work, we created a source of ultracold atoms for a quantum interferometer-gravimeter. A cloud of 107−10810^{7}-10^{8}107−108 atoms with the temperature of around 6 uK was obtained. An effective selection of rubidium atoms in the nonmagnetic sub-state was carried out.
The results of experimental studies on creating a source of ultracold atoms 87 Rb for an absolute quantum gravimeter based on atomic interference are presented. The studies resulted in sub-Doppler cooling of atoms 87 Rb in a magneto-optical trap and in obtaining a cloud ~10 7 -10 8 of atoms with a temperature of 6 мкК. Using microwave radiation and optical pumping, the preparation of ultracold atoms in the initial state |F = 1, mF = 0〉is carried out and experiments are performed to observe Ramsey resonances at the transition |F = 1, mF = 0〉 → |F = 2, mF = 0〉during the interaction of the atomic cloud with unidirectional Raman radiation pulses.
This work was aimed at improving metrological characteristics of the developed atomic interferometer-based gravimeter. We investigated a preparation of ultracold 87Rb atoms in a magnetically insensitive quantum state. Numerical modeling of optical pumping of rubidium atoms to the ∣F=1, m=0⟩ state was performed using the ∣F=1⟩↔∣F′=0⟩ transition by solving rate equations that describe the population distribution among magnetic sublevels of the ground state. Simulation results demonstrate the high efficiency of the selected pumping scheme (~100%) without significant heating of the atomic cloud. Implementation of this method enables preparation of 87Rb atoms in the magnetically insensitive ∣F=1, m=0⟩ state with efficiency >95% and a temperature increase of only 1 μK. The use of optical pumping results in more than a fourfold improvement in the gravimeter sensitivity, achieving 5.2 mGal/√Hz. A compensation of the gravimeter vibration noise was performed using a post-correction method together with an accelerometer data. Implementation of this technique improved the output metrological characteristics of the gravimeter by a factor of two.
A light-pulse atom interferometer for inertial sensing applications such as gravimetry is being commissioned, where the prototype has a target relative precision (σ g /g) of one part per million to enable geophysics applications, which is three orders of magnitude less sensitive than commercial optical gravimeters, but with the potential to exceed these. As part of this, a rubidium-85 magneto-optical trap was upgraded using optical amplification and fibre optics to capture an atom population number of O(10 8 ) and sub-Doppler cooling techniques have been used to reach ultracold temperatures of 20 μK. Several interferometer subsystems have been developed, including extensive optical systems featuring a high-specification optical modulator and laser-induced fluorescence detection. Preliminary investigations into the coherent manipulation of atomic states have been implemented and the resonance peak of a stimulated Raman transition has been observed.
This paper aims at providing an accessible introduction to ultracold quantum gravimeters tailored for geophysicists. We do not focus here on geophysical applications, as these are already well known to geophysicists, but rather provide a pedagogical exposition of the quantum-mechanical concepts needed to understand the operation of quantum gravimeters. We present a review of gravimeters based on two- and three-level atomic systems, focusing on the fundamental mechanisms of atomic interferometry. The functioning of Mach-Zehnder interferometers is discussed through the action of π/2π/2π/2 and πππ pulses, showing how the resulting phase shift encodes gravitational acceleration. The effect of noise is briefly discussed.
The temperature of atoms, coupled to several effects, plays an important role in high precision atom interferometry gravimeters. In this work, we present an ultra-cold 87Rb atom interferometry gravimeter, in which the atom source is produced by evaporative cooling in an all optical dipole trap to investigate the effects related to atom temperature. A condensate containing 4 × 104 atoms can be prepared within 3.2 s through an all-optical dipole trap composed of two reservoirs and a dimple. The fringe contrast of our atom interferometry gravimeter reaches up to 76(4)% due to the advantage of ultra-cold atom source even at a free evolution time of T=80 ms. A resolution of 6 μGal (1 μGal=1×10−8 m/s2) after 3000 s integration time with a sampling rate of 0.25 Hz is achieved in this atom gravimeter. The relationship between the fringe contrast and the atom temperature in the atom gravimeter is studied; in addition, the wavefront aberration effect in the atom gravimeter is also investigated by varying the temperature of atoms.