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Журнал Экспериментальной и Теоретической Физики

LAZERNOE OKhLAZhDENIE IONA ITTERBIYa-171 BEZ ISPOL'ZOVANIYa MAGNITNOGO POLYa

Прудников Олег Николаевич, D. S. Krysenko, A. V Taychenachev, Valeriy I. Yudin, S. V. Chepurov, N. S Lapin, Sergei N Bagaev

Published Nov 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A scheme for laser cooling of an 171 Yb + ion in a radio-frequency trap using a three-frequency laser field with its components resonant to optical transitions of the line 2 S 1/ 2 → 2 P 1/ 2, which does not require a magnetic field, is experimentally implemented. The exclusion of the magnetic field in the laser cooling cycle allows for precise control of a weak magnetic field (∼ 10 - 2 Gs), used for spectroscopy of clock transitions in the optical frequency standard based on a single ytterbium ion, which is important for suppressing frequency shifts associated with the quadratic Zeeman effect.

DOI
10.31857/s0044451024100122

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)•Jan 1, 1998•0 citations
A scheme for laser cooling of an 171 Yb + ion in a radio-frequency trap using a three-frequency laser field with its components resonant to optical transitions of the line 2 S 1/ 2 → 2 P 1/ 2, which does not require a magnetic field, is experimentally implemented. The exclusion of the magnetic field in the laser cooling cycle allows for precise control of a weak magnetic field (∼ 10 - 2 Gs), used for spectroscopy of clock transitions in the optical frequency standard based on a single ytterbium ion, which is important for suppressing frequency shifts associated with the quadratic Zeeman effect.
Standard methods of laser cooling171Yb+in a radiofrequency trap involve the use of coherent optical fields resonant to the optical transition of the2S1/2→2P1/2line, as well as a magnetic field that is used to destroy the coherent population trapping (CPT) appeared at the2S1/2(F= 1) level. Further precision measurements with use of the clock transitions (quadrupole2S1/2(F= 0) →2D3/2(F= 2) and octupole2S1/2(F= 0) →2F7/2(F= 2)) require significant suppression and control of residual magnetic fields. In this work, we investigate in detail an alternative method of laser cooling171Yb+with use of polychromatic fields, which allows completely eliminate the use of a magnetic field in the ion cooling process and thus suppress Zeeman quadratic shift associated with uncontrolled residual magnetic fields.
We propose a scheme of deep laser cooling of 171Yb+^{171}\mathrm{Yb}^{+}171Yb+, which is based on the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a polychromatic field with three frequency components resonant with optical transitions of the $^{2}S_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{2}P_{1/2}$ line. The deep cooling down to the ground motional state in a trap allows for a significant suppression of the second-order Doppler shift in the frequency standard. Moreover, in our scheme, there is no need to use a magnetic field, which is required for Doppler cooling of 171Yb+^{171}\mathrm{Yb}^{+}171Yb+ in a field with a two frequency component. Cooling without the use of a magnetic field is important for the deep suppression of quadratic Zeeman shifts of clock transitions due to an uncontrolled residual magnetic field.
Abstract Standard methods of laser cooling 171Yb+ in a radiofrequency trap involve the use of coherent optical fields resonant to the optical transition of the 2S1/2 → 2P1/2 line, as well as a magnetic field that is used to destroy the coherent population trapping (CPT) appeared at the 2S1/2(F = 1) level. Further precision measurements with use of the clock transitions (quadrupole 2S1/2(F = 0) → 2D3/2(F = 2) and octupole 2S1/2(F = 0) → 2F7/2(F = 2)) require significant suppression and control of residual magnetic fields. In this work, we investigate in detail an alternative method of laser cooling 171Yb+ with use of polychromatic fields, which allows completely eliminate the use of a magnetic field in the ion cooling process and thus suppress Zeeman quadratic shift associated with uncontrolled residual magnetic fields.
The ground-state hyperfine transitions of trapped clouds of 9Be+, 201Hg+, and 171Yb ions have been made control microwave oscillators.1-5 The frequency stability of these atomic clocks exceeds that of a primary Cs frequency standard in the short-term regime and that of a hydrogen maser for long times. Systematic perturbations derive from the members of the cloud being placed in an inhomogeneous field and showing residual motion. A single cold ion kept in the field node of an electrodynamic trap lacks these perturbations. The precise control of a standard frequency requires a narrow and weak transition whose resonance can be hardly detected by observation of the fluorescence on this line.
The paper reports experimental investigations on 171 Yb ions confined in a radiofrequency Paul trap. Single ions are cooled and optically detected by laser excitation of the cycling F = 1 – F = 0 hyperfine component of the 2 S 1/2 – 2 P 1/2 resonance transition. The metastable 2 D 3/2 ( F = 1) level which is rapidly populated by decay from the 2 P 1/2 level is depleted by a second laser source. The resonance fluorescence signal exhibits dark periods due to a small rate of spontaneous transitions to the 2 D 3/2 ( F = 2) level which is coupled only weakly to the laser-cooling excitation cycle. Prospects for an optical frequency standard based on excitation of the narrow 2 S 1/2 ( F = 0) – 2 D 3/2 ( F = 2) transition of 171 Yb + at a wavelength of 435 nm are discussed.
Single ions trapped and laser cooled provide ideal objects for high resolution spectroscopy and frequency standards. For the latter purpose we are investigating the 5s2 1S0 → 5s5p 3P0 transition of In+. With a natural linewidth of only 1.1 Hz this resonance offers very high resolution and is highly immune to frequency shifts due to external electromagnetic fields, because it connects two levels with vanishing electronic magnetic momenta [1]. The wavelength of this clock transition is 236.5 nm and is technically very convenient, since it coincides with the fourth harmonic of the 946 nm Nd:YAG laser line. So this intrinsically frequency stable solid-state laser can be used to excite the transition [2]. For laser cooling and fluorescence detection of the indium ion the 5s2 1So -> 5s5p 3P1 transition at 230.6 nm can be employed. The use of the relatively narrow intercombination line for laser cooling allows us to study optical sideband cooling in the strong binding regime, where the oscillation frequencies of the ion in the trap (around 1 MHz) are larger than the optical linewidth of 360 kHz. In this parameter range laser cooling is possible to the quantum ground state of the vibrational motion in the trap corresponding to a temperature of roughly 100 μK. The same low temperature was obtained with sideband cooling of a small Coulomb crystal consisting of two ions, creating an interesting new quantum few-particle system.