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Optics Express

Realization of multi-transverse-mode squeezed optical frequency combs with Gouy phase compensation

Peng Liu, Juan Li, Xinghua Li, Xiao Xiang, Shaofeng Wang, Tao Liu, Mingtao Cao, Shougang Zhang, Yin Cai, Ruifang Dong

Published Oct 29, 2024• 4 citations

Abstract

Multimode quantum light fields significantly enhance quantum state manipulation and communication capabilities by expanding the dimensionality of the Hilbert space. In this work, we elaborately design a non-horizontal cavity suitable for a Gouy phase-compensated synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator. By injecting an optical frequency comb in HG 10 mode into the cavity as the seed, we demonstrate the simultaneous generation of a bright squeezed optical frequency comb in HG 10 mode and a vacuum squeezed optical frequency comb in HG 01 mode. The coexistence of amplitude quadrature squeezed fields in these two orthogonal first-order Hermite-Gaussian transverse modes also suggest the presence of quadrature entanglement between the two first-order Laguerre-Gaussian modes, LG 0 + 1 and LG 0 - 1 . This research underscores the capability of one-step generation of multi-transverse-mode squeezed optical frequency combs using a single cavity, marking a significant stride in the realm of quantum optics.

DOI: 10.1364/oe.539421

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Quantum computation and communication protocols require quantum resources which are in the continuous variable regime squeezed and/or quadrature entangled optical modes. To perform more and more complex and robust protocols, one needs sources that can produce in a controlled way highly multimode quantum states of light. One possibility is to mix different single mode quantum resources. Another is to directly use a multimode device, either in the spatial or in the frequency domain. We present here the first experimental demonstration of a device capable of producing simultaneously several squeezed transverse modes of the same frequency and which is potentially scalable. We show that this device, which is an Optical Parametric Oscillator using a self-imaging cavity, produces a multimode quantum resource made of three squeezed transverse modes.

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Multimode nonclassical states of light are an essential resource in quantum computation with continuous variables [1]. They can be generated either by mixing different squeezed light sources using linear optical operations [2], or directly in a multimode optical device [3, 4]. Synchronously Pumped Optical Parametric Oscillators (SPOPO) — which correspond to an OPO pumped by a train of ultrashort pulses that are synchronized with the cavity round-trip time — have been theoretically shown to be promising devices for the generation of multimode nonclassical frequency combs, since a SPOPO is a sole optical cavity acting as an assembly of independent squeezers in a particular basis called the supermodes basis [5]. The supermodes are optical frequency combs with specific spectrum and phase profiles that are determined by the length of the intracavity nonlinear crystal and the pulse shape of the pump.