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Direct generation of a multi-transverse mode non-classical state of light

Bénoît Chalopin, Scazza, Francesco, Claude Fabre, Nicolas Treps

Published Jan 1, 2011• 22 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Quantum computation and communication protocols require quantum resources which are in the continuous variable regime squeezed and/or quadrature entangled optical modes. To perform more and more complex and robust protocols, one needs sources that can produce in a controlled way highly multimode quantum states of light. One possibility is to mix different single mode quantum resources. Another is to directly use a multimode device, either in the spatial or in the frequency domain. We present here the first experimental demonstration of a device capable of producing simultanuously several squeezed transverse modes of the same frequency and which is potentially scalable. We show that this device, which is an Optical Parametric Oscillator using a self-imaging cavity, produces a multimode quantum resource made of three squeezed transverse modes. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America

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Quantum computation and communication protocols require quantum resources which are in the continuous variable regime squeezed and/or quadrature entangled optical modes. To perform more and more complex and robust protocols, one needs sources that can produce in a controlled way highly multimode quantum states of light. One possibility is to mix different single mode quantum resources. Another is to directly use a multimode device, either in the spatial or in the frequency domain. We present here the first experimental demonstration of a device capable of producing simultanuously several squeezed transverse modes of the same frequency and which is potentially scalable. We show that this device, which is an Optical Parametric Oscillator using a self-imaging cavity, produces a multimode quantum resource made of three squeezed transverse modes. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America
Quantum computation and communication protocols require quantum resources which are in the continuous variable regime squeezed and/or quadrature entangled optical modes. To perform more and more complex and robust protocols, one needs sources that can produce in a controlled way highly multimode quantum states of light. One possibility is to mix different single mode quantum resources. Another is to directly use a multimode device, either in the spatial or in the frequency domain. We present here the first experimental demonstration of a device capable of producing simultaneously several squeezed transverse modes of the same frequency and which is potentially scalable. We show that this device, which is an Optical Parametric Oscillator using a self-imaging cavity, produces a multimode quantum resource made of three squeezed transverse modes.
Optical parametric oscillators (OPO) have been extensively used in the continuous variable quantum optics community as a resource to produce non-classical states of light, including squeezed states or entangled beams. In this paper, general description of multimode OPOs is presented, show that they are able to produce a very wide variety of multimode quantum states of light, and give techniques to measure or separate them. The description applies equally to the spatial and temporal configurations, which are experimentally studied in lab.
Multimode quantum light fields significantly enhance quantum state manipulation and communication capabilities by expanding the dimensionality of the Hilbert space. In this work, we elaborately design a non-horizontal cavity suitable for a Gouy phase-compensated synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator. By injecting an optical frequency comb in HG 10 mode into the cavity as the seed, we demonstrate the simultaneous generation of a bright squeezed optical frequency comb in HG 10 mode and a vacuum squeezed optical frequency comb in HG 01 mode. The coexistence of amplitude quadrature squeezed fields in these two orthogonal first-order Hermite-Gaussian transverse modes also suggest the presence of quadrature entanglement between the two first-order Laguerre-Gaussian modes, LG 0 + 1 and LG 0 - 1 . This research underscores the capability of one-step generation of multi-transverse-mode squeezed optical frequency combs using a single cavity, marking a significant stride in the realm of quantum optics.
Multimode nonclassical states of light are an essential resource in quantum computation with continuous variables [1]. They can be generated either by mixing different squeezed light sources using linear optical operations [2], or directly in a multimode optical device [3, 4]. Synchronously Pumped Optical Parametric Oscillators (SPOPO) — which correspond to an OPO pumped by a train of ultrashort pulses that are synchronized with the cavity round-trip time — have been theoretically shown to be promising devices for the generation of multimode nonclassical frequency combs, since a SPOPO is a sole optical cavity acting as an assembly of independent squeezers in a particular basis called the supermodes basis [5]. The supermodes are optical frequency combs with specific spectrum and phase profiles that are determined by the length of the intracavity nonlinear crystal and the pulse shape of the pump.
Nowadays, the realization of quantum computations and communications based on continuous variables has attracted a significant attention due to a substantial expansion of the system dimensionality. The main progress in this area is attributed to the implementation of multimode systems based on squeezed states of light. One of the simplest ways to generate such states relies upon their producing in a single-pass optical parametric amplifier (OPA) using ultrafast pumping. However, for homodyne detection of such multimode states, the profile of the local oscillator (LO) must perfectly match the profile of the measured mode. Usually, this is not the case; therefore a proper treatment of multimode squeezing is required. In this work, we study both theoretically and experimentally the multimode squeezed light generated in type-0 and type-II OPA. We characterize such sources and investigate the degree of squeezing in dependence on the LO spectral profile, employing a pulse shaping technique. The theoretical analysis is performed using the Schmidt-mode theory. This work might have a significant impact on the realization of multimode quantum protocols