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AIP conference proceedings

Magneto-optical resonances at the D2 line of Rb in a hot Cs buffer gas confined in a micrometric thickness optical cell

P. Todorov, Nikolay Petrov, Zara Kasapeteva, S. Tsvetkov, Elena T. Taskova, S. Gateva, Emilia A. Alipieva, А. Г. Марковски, C. Andreeva

Published Jan 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Ground-state level-crossing magneto-optical resonances are registered at the D2 line of 85Rb atoms as a small admixture in a 700 µm thick cell filled with Cs atoms. The signals of the Rb atoms in a “buffer gas” of hot Cs atoms are compared with the signals from atoms without hot “buffer gas” (the thermal Cs atoms in the 700 µm cell and a nanometric cell). Our results show that the Rb particles show an intermediate behavior between these two cases under such conditions. This is explained based on adequate confinement size determined by the polarization relaxation of the Rb atoms by spin-exchange collisions with the high-density Cs atoms. The possibility of realizing such temperature-controlled variation of the effective confinement size can be of interest for investigating collisions between different alkali atoms and the formation of dimers under the conditions of one-dimensional confinement.

DOI
10.1063/5.0222338

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arXiv:2205.04925•Physical Review A•Jul 26, 2022•12 citations
Ground-state level-crossing magneto-optical resonances are registered at the D2 line of 85Rb atoms as a small admixture in a 700 µm thick cell filled with Cs atoms. The signals of the Rb atoms in a “buffer gas” of hot Cs atoms are compared with the signals from atoms without hot “buffer gas” (the thermal Cs atoms in the 700 µm cell and a nanometric cell). Our results show that the Rb particles show an intermediate behavior between these two cases under such conditions. This is explained based on adequate confinement size determined by the polarization relaxation of the Rb atoms by spin-exchange collisions with the high-density Cs atoms. The possibility of realizing such temperature-controlled variation of the effective confinement size can be of interest for investigating collisions between different alkali atoms and the formation of dimers under the conditions of one-dimensional confinement.
Ground-state level-crossing magneto-optical resonances are registered at the D2 line of 85Rb atoms as a small admixture in a 700 μm thick cell filled with Cs atoms. The signals of the Rb atoms in a “buffer gas” of hot Cs atoms are compared with the signals from atoms without hot “buffer gas” (the thermal Cs atoms in the 700 μm cell and a nanometric cell). Our results show that the Rb particles show an intermediate behavior between these two cases under such conditions. This is explained based on adequate confinement size determined by the polarization relaxation of the Rb atoms by spinexchange collisions with the high-density Cs atoms. The possibility of realizing such temperature-controlled variation of the effective confinement size can be of interest for investigating collisions between different alkali atoms and the formation of dimers under the conditions of one-dimensional confinement.
We propose a novel use of an optical cell of micrometer thickness filled with Cs vapor in view of studying the collisions between two different alkali atoms of strongly different densities. We demonstrate narrow and good-contrast sub-Doppler resonances at the Rb D 2 line for a mean-free-path of the Cs atoms comparable to the optical cell longitudinal dimension; the resonances are completely destroyed when the mean-free-path of the Cs atoms is more than two orders of magnitude shorter than the longitudinal dimension of the thin cell.
N-type resonances excited in rubidium atoms confined in micrometric-thin cells with variable thickness from 1 μm to 2 mm are studied experimentally for the cases of a pure Rb atomic vapor and of a vapor with neon buffer gas. Good contrast and narrow linewidth were obtained for thicknesses as low as 30 μm. The higher amplitude and sharper profile of N-type resonances in the case of a buffered cell was exploited to study the splitting of the 85Rb D1 N-resonance in a magnetic field of up to 2200 G. The results are fully consistent with the theory. The mechanism responsible for forming N-resonances is discussed. Possible applications are addressed.
We present the first experimental observation of narrow dips in the fluorescence profiles of completely closed hyperfine transitions in Rb vapor at high atomic density, which is attributed to the depolarization of the excited state.Moreover, at low atomic density, a narrow peak on the top of the fluorescence profile is demonstrated, centered at the completely closed transition within the D2 line of Cs.Experiments are performed in thin (700 µm) alkali cell by single light beam spectroscopy.The cell is filled with Cs containing a small portion of Rb.
Recently developed thin cells containing atomic vapor of micrometric column thickness L allow one to study peculiarities of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) phenomenon, along with the accompanying velocity selective optical pumping/saturation (VSOP) resonances for the case when < 100 &mgr;m. The micrometric thin cells (MTC) are filled with pure Rb and neither buffer gas nor paraffin-coated walls were used. The Λ-systems on D2 line of 85Rb have been studied experimentally with the use of bi-chromatic radiation of two separate diode lasers (λ≈780 nm, γL&≈ 5MHz). It is demonstrated that when L~60 &mgr;m it is still possible to form the EIT resonance with the sub-natural linewidth ~ 5 MHz. The EIT resonance linewidth increases up to 10 MHz , when column thickness L is reduced down to ~ 2 &mgr;m. Six VSOP resonances are detected in the fluorescence and absorption spectra when the thickness L ~ 10 &mgr;m. Dependence of the EIT resonance linewidth as a function of the atomic vapor column thickness L is presented.
The ground-state Hanle effect (GSHE) in alkali-metal atomic vapor using a single circularly polarized light wave underlies one of the most reliable and simple techniques of modern atomic magnetometry. This effect causes a narrow (subnatural-width) resonance in the light wave intensity passing through the vapor cell. The GSHE-based sensors typically operate in the so-called spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) regime to reduce the resonance linewidth. However, this regime requires a relatively high temperature of vapors (approximately equal to $150{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}\mathrm{C}$), leading to high heat release and power consumption of the sensor head. In addition, without applying special measures, the SERF regime significantly limits the dynamic range of measurements. Here we study a pump-probe scheme involving a single elliptically polarized light wave and a polarimetric detection technique. The wave is in resonance with two adjacent optical transitions in the cesium D1{D}_{1}D1​ line ($\ensuremath{\lambda}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\approx}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}894.5$ nm) due to their overlap in the presence of a buffer gas (130 Torr neon). Using a small ($V\ensuremath{\approx}0.1\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$) glass vapor cell, we demonstrate the possibility to observe subnatural-width resonances with a high contrast-to-width ratio (up to 45%/mG) in low-temperature ($60{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}\mathrm{C}$) operation due to strong light-induced circular dichroism in the medium. Based on the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ scheme of atomic energy levels, we obtain explicit analytical expressions for the shape of the resonance line. The model reveals a linewidth narrowing effect due to openness of the level scheme. The observed bright features are unusual for magneto-optical atomic spectroscopy as openness is commonly considered to be an undesirable effect that degrades resonance characteristics. Measuring the noise voltage, we estimate the sensitivity of the magnetic-field measurements to be 1.8 pT/Hz\mathrm{pT}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}pT/Hz​ with a sensitivity of 60 fT/Hz\mathrm{fT}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}fT/Hz​ in the photon-shot-noise limit. In general, the results contribute to the theory of GSHE resonances and also can be applied to development of a low-temperature high-sensitivity miniaturized magnetic-field sensor with an extended dynamic range.