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Journal of Physics Conference Series

High-resolution laser spectroscopy of hot Cs and Rb vapor confined in a thin optical cell

P Todorov, A. Krasteva, T. A. Vartanyan, G. Todorov, David G. Sarkisyan, S. Cartaleva

Published Mar 1, 2018• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a novel use of an optical cell of micrometer thickness filled with Cs vapor in view of studying the collisions between two different alkali atoms of strongly different densities. We demonstrate narrow and good-contrast sub-Doppler resonances at the Rb D 2 line for a mean-free-path of the Cs atoms comparable to the optical cell longitudinal dimension; the resonances are completely destroyed when the mean-free-path of the Cs atoms is more than two orders of magnitude shorter than the longitudinal dimension of the thin cell.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/992/1/012004

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We propose a novel use of an optical cell of micrometer thickness filled with Cs vapor in view of studying the collisions between two different alkali atoms of strongly different densities. We demonstrate narrow and good-contrast sub-Doppler resonances at the Rb D 2 line for a mean-free-path of the Cs atoms comparable to the optical cell longitudinal dimension; the resonances are completely destroyed when the mean-free-path of the Cs atoms is more than two orders of magnitude shorter than the longitudinal dimension of the thin cell.
We report on the investigation of narrow sub-Doppler-width resonances observed at the D2 line of Cs atoms (Fg = 4 → Fe = 3, 4, 5 hyperfine transitions), confined in thin optical cells. These cells have a thickness of L = 6λ (λ = 852 nm) and L = 700 μm, and are irradiated by two narrow-band laser radiations (one with fixed and the other with scanned frequency). We show that for zero frequency detuning of the fixed-frequency laser from the Fg = 4 → Fe = 5 hyperfine transition, its absorption spectrum in the thin cell consists of resonances, centered at the respective hyperfine transitions. The spectral widths of these resonances range from 2 to 20 MHz, and they are characterized by a good contrast and extremely small Doppler background. This spectrum is highly sensitive to the frequency offset of the fixedfrequency laser. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the spatial restriction of Cs vapor suppresses the interaction of the light with atoms with significant velocity component along the direction of the laser beam propagation.
Ground-state level-crossing magneto-optical resonances are registered at the D2 line of 85Rb atoms as a small admixture in a 700 μm thick cell filled with Cs atoms. The signals of the Rb atoms in a “buffer gas” of hot Cs atoms are compared with the signals from atoms without hot “buffer gas” (the thermal Cs atoms in the 700 μm cell and a nanometric cell). Our results show that the Rb particles show an intermediate behavior between these two cases under such conditions. This is explained based on adequate confinement size determined by the polarization relaxation of the Rb atoms by spinexchange collisions with the high-density Cs atoms. The possibility of realizing such temperature-controlled variation of the effective confinement size can be of interest for investigating collisions between different alkali atoms and the formation of dimers under the conditions of one-dimensional confinement.
Ground-state level-crossing magneto-optical resonances are registered at the D2 line of 85Rb atoms as a small admixture in a 700 µm thick cell filled with Cs atoms. The signals of the Rb atoms in a “buffer gas” of hot Cs atoms are compared with the signals from atoms without hot “buffer gas” (the thermal Cs atoms in the 700 µm cell and a nanometric cell). Our results show that the Rb particles show an intermediate behavior between these two cases under such conditions. This is explained based on adequate confinement size determined by the polarization relaxation of the Rb atoms by spin-exchange collisions with the high-density Cs atoms. The possibility of realizing such temperature-controlled variation of the effective confinement size can be of interest for investigating collisions between different alkali atoms and the formation of dimers under the conditions of one-dimensional confinement.
We present the first experimental observation of narrow dips in the fluorescence profiles of completely closed hyperfine transitions in Rb vapor at high atomic density, which is attributed to the depolarization of the excited state.Moreover, at low atomic density, a narrow peak on the top of the fluorescence profile is demonstrated, centered at the completely closed transition within the D2 line of Cs.Experiments are performed in thin (700 µm) alkali cell by single light beam spectroscopy.The cell is filled with Cs containing a small portion of Rb.
Ultra-narrow cells with the thicknesses in the range from several wavelengths to the small fractions of the wavelength brought a number of new opportunities for atomic spectroscopy. Depending on the cell thickness, spectral lines recorded in ultra-narrow cells are either Doppler-free or Doppler-broadened. With careful selection of the cell thickness hyperfine structure may be easily resolved without resorting on the multibeam nonlinear optical techniques. Moreover, frequent collisions with the walls leads to the important modifications of velocity selective optical pumping resonances. Finally, ultra-narrow cells provide with the unique opportunity to study collisions of the excited atoms with the solid surfaces. In this contribution several examples of the use of the ultra-narrow spectroscopic cells filled with the alkali atomic vapour is presented. First, we discuss general aspects of the transient polarisation that defines all peculiarities of an ultra-narrow cell as a spectroscopic tool. Second, we demonstrate the resolution of the magnetic sublevels in the transition from Zeeman to Paschen-Back regime in the Cs hyperfine structure. Third, new aspects of velocity selective optical pumping resonances in reflection and transmission of resonant radiation by the 6 wavelengths thick cell filled with Cs are discussed. Forth, the experimental evidences of the nonadiabatic transitions between excited states of Rb atoms in the course of collisions with the sapphire surface are presented.
We report on the spectroscopy in a resonant vapor film, in a regime in which the inhomogeneous transit time induces a velocity selection. For cell thickness (10--1000 \ensuremath{\mu}m) smaller than the transverse dimensions and for low enough atomic density, the atomic trajectories are essentially free flights from wall to wall. Hence, a single laser beam irradiation is sufficient to observe sub-Doppler resonances because of the transient atomic response, which enhances the response of the slowest atoms flying nearly parallel to the wall. The peculiar features of this velocity selection are presented in the linear regime as well as in the case of saturation induced by the optical pumping. Also, we report, in the case of the Cs D2{D}_{2}D2​ line (852 nm), on the passage from a two-level linear-response regime to an optical pumping regime when increasing the incident intensity. We also describe the influence of several other parameters, including cell thickness and laser beam size and shape, on the experimental line shapes. An extension to Doppler-free polarization spectroscopy in a thin cell with a single beam, and to saturated absorption, is also reported.