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Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology

Quantum Entanglement in Nonlinear Coupler with Raman Process

Abdel-Baset M.A. Ibrahim, Mohd Syafiq M. Hanapi, Ahmad Musleh Alrub, P. K. Choudhury

Published Oct 3, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper examines the possible quantum entanglement generated in a coupler system consisting of two waveguides, where one waveguide is nonlinear and Raman-active, while the other waveguide only undergoes linear processes. The analytical-perturbative method is employed to investigate the production of entangled states in the given system. The Hillery-Zubairy criterion is employed to examine the possible quantum entanglement between the two fundamental pump modes propagating in both waveguides. We explore the generation of quantum entanglement under different initial conditions and critical design parameters. The simulation results suggest a continuous entanglement that remains until a particular distance of interaction is reached. As the linear coupling parameter increases, the relationship between the maximum reachable distance for entanglement and the degree of entanglement becomes more complex. The study reveals that entanglement experiences significant fluctuations when there is a substantial frequency mismatch between the modes.

DOI
10.37934/araset.57.1.3343

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Abstract In this work, we have examined the generation of squeezed states of light in a two-waveguide coupler in which Raman processes are active in one waveguide. Both waveguides are mutually linearly interacting through the field’s evanescent waves. We looked at a few interesting cases in which the system generated single mode squeezed states due to spontaneous and stimulated Raman processes. Under specific combinations of design parameters and phase mismatching conditions, squeezed states may take the form of collapses and revivals, or the second quadrature of the optical mode may oscillate completely below the short-noise limit of a coherent state.
The operator solution of a completely quantum mechanical Hamiltonian of the Raman processes is used here to investigate the possibility of obtaining intermodal entanglement between different modes involved in the Raman processes [e.g., pump mode, Stokes mode, vibration (phonon) mode and anti-Stokes mode]. Intermodal entanglement is reported between (a) pump mode and anti-Stokes mode, (b) pump mode and vibration (phonon) mode, (c) Stokes mode and vibration phonon mode, and (d) Stokes mode and anti-Stokes mode in the stimulated Raman processes for variation of the phase angle of complex eigenvalue ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1}$ of pump mode aaa. Some incidents of intermodal entanglement in the spontaneous and the partially spontaneous Raman processes are also reported. Further, it is shown that the specific choice of coupling constants may produce genuine entanglement among Stokes mode, anti-Stokes mode, and vibration-phonon mode. It is also shown that the two-mode entanglement not identified by Duan's criterion may be identified by Hillery-Zubairy criteria. It is further shown that intermodal entanglement, intermodal antibunching, and intermodal squeezing are independent phenomena.
We investigate nonlinear couplers whose operation is based on Raman or Brillouin scattering. A quantum approach is used. Strong coherent laser pumping is assumed and linearized Heisenberg-Langevin equations of motion are solved. The influence of linear coupling constants, losses and phase mismatches on the dynamical behaviour of the coupler is discussed. Quantum statistical properties of optical modes involved in the interaction are investigated within the framework of the generalized superposition of coherent signal and quantum noise. Most attention is devoted to the possibility of generation of non-classical light. It is shown that such light can be generated only in compound modes according to our model and influence of various parameters on the generation is discussed. Optimal conditions for the generation of squeezed light are found.
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We investigate the generation of compound-mode squeezing in a Raman nonlinear coupler using both the analytical perturbative (AP) method and the Wigner phase-space representation. While the AP approach is rooted in the Heisenberg picture, the Wigner representation employs the Schrödinger picture, enabling a detailed comparison of the two frameworks. The temporal evolution of compound-mode squeezing is rigorously analyzed across different mode combinations, revealing an oscillatory behavior within a specific time window that depends on key system parameters. The optimal point within this window offers insights into maximizing squeezing under precise conditions. Both methods yield consistent results, providing robust insights into the dynamics of squeezing. This study advances the understanding of compound-mode squeezing in Raman nonlinear systems, with unique applications in quantum metrology, secure quantum communication, and advanced quantum sensing technologies.