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Journal of Modern Optics

Quantum statistics and dynamics of nonlinear couplers

Jan Peřina, Jan Peřina

Published Sep 1, 1996• 29 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate both codirectional and contradirectional nonlinear couplers composed of two nonlinear waveguides operating by second-harmonic generation. We take into account possible mismatches inside the waveguides and between them. We calculate the photon number distribution, its factorial moments, quadrature and integrated intensity variances and quadrature uncertainty product taking into account the effects of transmission of light between waveguides. Incident beams are assumed to be coherent, squeezed and mixed with external noise. Second-harmonic modes are assumed to be pumped with strong coherent beams. We show that non-classical behaviour of beams generated by the nonlinear waveguides can be transferred between them and controlled by linear and nonlinear mismatches. In the contradirectional regime of propagation, asymptotic non-classical states can be generated.

DOI
10.1080/09500349608232863

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The authors examine both codirectional and contradirectional nonlinear couplers operating by second harmonic generation with particular attention to the effect of linear and nonlinear phase mismatches under the assumption that the second harmonic mode is stimulated by a strong coherent field. Quantum statistical properties are described by a photocount distribution, its factorial moments, quadrature and integrated intensity variances and the uncertainty product, with particular attention to generation and transmission of nonclassical light. Incident beams can be coherent or squeezed with mixed external noise. It is shown that, in general, the nonlinear phase mismatch, which effectively makes the interaction weaker, may reduce nonclassical effects and their transmission to signal linear waveguide. However, as a consequence of the phase mismatches some initial regimes of the interaction can be repeated, which leads to new interesting nonclassical effects.
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In this paper we derive the quantum statistical and dynamical properties of nonlinear optical couplers composed of two nonlinear waveguides operating by second subharmonic generation, which are coupled linearly through evanescent waves and nonlinearly through non-degenerate optical parametric interaction. Main attention is paid to generation and transmission of non-classical light, based on a discussion of the squeezing phenomenon, the normalized second-order correlation function and quasiprobability distribution functions. Initially coherent, number and thermal states of optical beams are considered. In particular, results are discussed with dependence on the strength of the nonlinear coupling relatively to the linear coupling. We show that if the Fock state |1〉 enters the first waveguide and the vacuume state |0〉 enters the second waveguide, the coupler can serve as a generator of squeezed vacuum state governed by the coupler parameters. Further, if thermal fields enter initially the waveguides the coupler plays a similar role as a microwave Josephson-junction parametric amplifier to generate squeezed thermal light.