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International Conference on Communications, Information System and Computer Engineering (CISCE)

Passive Isolator Based on Electromagnetically Induced Transparent Coupling Resonance in Metamaterials

Xinming Fu

Published May 10, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Non-reciprocal optical devices in integrated systems on a chip have attracted great interest due to the increasing demand for researching integrated photonics and silicon photonics. The non-reciprocal devices include optical isolators, circulators, and optical amplifiers. In this paper, We analyze the dynamic nonreciprocity of an optical isolator based on the principle of electromagnetically induced transparency, and show a comparison of the nonreciprocal transmission when waves are transmitted forward and backward. The results show that when energy is transmitted, this isolator can realize signal isolation with specific direction transmission at non-single frequency. This device can be used in a wide range of signal processing and optical communication applications.

DOI
10.1109/cisce62493.2024.10653072

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Multi-band signal propagation and processing play an important role in quantum communications and quantum computing.In recent years, optical nonreciprocal devices such as an optical isolator and circulator are proposed via various configurations of atoms, metamaterials, nonlinear waveguides, etc.In this work, we investigate all-optical controlled nonreciprocity of multi-band optical signals in thermal atomic systems.Via introducing multiple strong coupling fields, nonreciprocal propagation of the probe field can happen at some separated frequency bands, which results from combination of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect and atomic thermal motion.In the proposed configuration, the frequency shift resulting from atomic thermal motion takes converse effect on the probe field in the two opposite directions.In this way, the probe field can propagate almost transparently within some frequency bands of EIT windows in the opposite direction of the coupling fields.However, it is well blocked within the considered frequency region in the same direction of the coupling fields because of destruction of the EIT.Such selectable optical nonreciprocity and isolation for discrete signals may be greatly useful in controlling signal transmission and realizing selective optical isolation functions.
On-chip single-photon nonreciprocal devices with high isolation and low insertion loss become a key element in quantum information processing. Based on electromagnetically induced transparency in chiral quantum systems, a single-photon isolator and a single-photon circulator are obtained without requiring unbalanced coupling. These devices have high isolation and low insertion loss. Moreover, their bandwidths are significantly broadened with the assistance of electromagnetically induced transparency.
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In this work we propose and theoretically characterize optical isolators consisting of an all-dielectric and nonmagnetic resonator featuring an intensity-dependent refractive index and a strong coherent field propagating in a single direction. Such devices can be straightforwardly realized in state-of-the-art integrated photonics platforms. The mechanism underlying optical isolation is based on the breaking of optical reciprocity induced by the asymmetric action of four-wave mixing processes coupling a strong propagating pump field with copropagating signal and idler modes but not with reverse-propagating ones. Taking advantage of a close analogy with fluids of light, our proposed isolation mechanism is physically understood in terms of the Bogoliubov dispersion of collective excitations on top of the strong pump beam. A few most relevant setups realizing our proposal are specifically investigated, such as a coherently illuminated passive ring resonator and unidirectionally lasing ring or Taiji resonators.
Non-magnetic optical non-reciprocal devices are conducive to constructing optical information processing networks for weak signals without using any external magnetic field. In this work, the non-reciprocal transmission of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a cesium atomic gas through laser exciting a Λ-type three-level atomic system is observed experimentally. With the help of cesium atoms, which have several advantages over other alkali atoms, such as a rich and readily adjustable energy level structure, bigger ground state hyperfine energy levels, and lower saturation light intensity. An 894.596 nm laser, as probe light, excites energy level from 6S1/2 (F = 4) to 6P3/2 (F = 5), and an 894.594 nm laser, as coupling light, is divided into two beams to excite energy level from 6S1/2 (F = 3) to 6P3/2 (F = 5). The coupling light enters the cesium atomic gas cell in two directions: either collinearly incident in the same direction as the probe light, or in the opposite direction. The probing light that interacts with the coupling light inside the cesium atomic gas and then is detected by the detector avalanche photodiode, and the outcomes are shown and measured on an oscilloscope. The experimentally observed non-reciprocal transmission of EIT proves optical signal isolation in a cesium atomic system. Under the experimental conditions, a series of experiments is conducted on the regulation of the optical non-reciprocal isolation ratio at room temperature by adjusting the power of the probe light and coupling light as well as the detuning. The influence of adjustable parameters on the non-reciprocal isolation ratio is analyzed. The results show that moderate probe light power helps maintain the intensity of EIT in the absorption intensity curve, ensuring a high isolation ratio, which provides a reference for implementing the performance metrics of optical isolators. The observed isolation ratio increases with the increase of coupling power, which is consistent with the theoretical calculation. Within a certain range of coupling light power, a high-performance optical non-reciprocal system is achieved. This trend is exactly in line with that of EIT signal strength variation during co-directional coupling light excitation. A maximum isolation ratio 26 dB is obtained when many parameters are appropriate. The results indicate that in the coherently prepared cesium atom systems, optically tunable parameters can provide an effective means for achieving ideal optical isolation with a high isolation ratio. Compared with existing research on high isolation ratio cavity-free non-reciprocity based on atomic coherence, our proposed experimental scheme can be conducted by using a three-level system at room temperature. With the development of chip-level integrated gas cells, the achieving miniaturization and system integration become easier, which provides experimental support for achieving the miniaturization and integration. This work provides a certain basis for exploring high-performance non-reciprocal devices with high isolation ratios and new perspective for designing the next generation of optical equipment.