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Modern Physics Letters A

A quantum designated multi-verifiers signature scheme based on LIOP states

Ling Zhang, Qi Gui, Xiangjun Xin, Chaoyang Li

Published Aug 10, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Based on a set of locally indistinguishable orthogonal product (LIOP) states, a quantum designated multi-verifier signature scheme (LIOP-QDMVS) is proposed. In this scheme, each verifier can independently verify partial signature without exchanging information with other verifiers. The protocol can address the issue of excessive power from individual verifiers, as the signature is accepted as valid only when all verifiers confirm its validity. Additionally, all designated verifiers can collaborate to simulate signatures from the signer, that achieve the non-transferability and source hiding of the protocol. Furthermore, the scheme does not require any third-party involvement, and no entangled states need to be prepared during signature generation. It is proven that the LIOP-QDMVS owns unforgeability, correctness, theoretical information security, and designated verifier properties, as well as it is resistant to replay attacks and impersonation attacks. Therefore, LIOP-QDMVS offers better security and efficiency.

DOI
10.1142/s0217732324501116

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Based on a set of locally indistinguishable orthogonal product (LIOP) states, a quantum designated multi-verifier signature scheme (LIOP-QDMVS) is proposed. In this scheme, each verifier can independently verify partial signature without exchanging information with other verifiers. The protocol can address the issue of excessive power from individual verifiers, as the signature is accepted as valid only when all verifiers confirm its validity. Additionally, all designated verifiers can collaborate to simulate signatures from the signer, that achieve the non-transferability and source hiding of the protocol. Furthermore, the scheme does not require any third-party involvement, and no entangled states need to be prepared during signature generation. It is proven that the LIOP-QDMVS owns unforgeability, correctness, theoretical information security, and designated verifier properties, as well as it is resistant to replay attacks and impersonation attacks. Therefore, LIOP-QDMVS offers better security and efficiency.
Quantum Designated Multi-Verifier Signature (QDMVS) schemes can be applied in many scenes, such as e-voting and electronic bidding. Based on locally indistinguishable orthogonal product states, a novel QDMVS scheme without any third party is proposed. The scheme avoids the use of difficult-to-prepare entangled states such as Bell states and GHZ states, eliminates the use of quantum one-way functions, significantly simplifies the signature verification process. In this scheme, there are n designated verifiers and the integrity of the signature is collectively ensured by these n verifiers. If any verifier makes an error during the signing process, the signature cannot be completed successfully. The identities of the participants are used as the public keys of the signature, which can prevent them from denying their actions. We have proven the correctness of the scheme, and the security analysis shows that the scheme can resist various malicious attacks, and it possesses sufficient security and effectiveness.
Abstract We propose a quantum designated verifier multi- signature (QDVMS) scheme. In this scheme, multiple users can generate a valid signature by simultaneously signing the original message, and the designated verifier holds the exclusive capability to verify the signature’s validity. This scheme applies locally indistinguishable orthogonal product states to generate signatures, simplifying the preparation process in contrast to entangled states. Furthermore, our scheme does not require quantum one- way functions (QOWF), quantum state swapping tests (SWAP), or entangled states, which enhances its practicality and efficiency. Additionally, the absence of a third party (TP) in the entire process enhances the scheme’s security. The security analysis and comparisons with similar schemes indicate that our QDVMS scheme satisfies the security properties of DVS, and achieves information- theoretical security. Moreover, it offers higher efficiency and robust resistance against diverse attacks.
A digital signature with designated verifier (SWDV) makes that only the designated verifier can verify its validity. It can be used to protect the privacy and economic interest of the signer. So, the SWDV schemes have many applications in e-voting, auction and some other fields. To make the SWDV secure against the quantum forger, a quantum signature with designated verifier signature (QSWDV) scheme is proposed. Our QSWDV is robust due to its strong security against forgery attack, inter-resending attacks, impersonation attacks and Trojan horse attacks. Its properties such as non-transferability and hiding source can be guaranteed by the signature simulation of the designated verifier. What is more, our scheme can be proved to be information-theoretically secure, which can guarantee the secrecy of the signer’s private key and the unforgeability of the QSWDV. In the proposed QSWDV scheme, the partners neither need use quantum one-way function nor need perform quantum state comparisons, which can reduce the complexity and improve the efficiency the QSWDV scheme.
Due to the rapid advancement of quantum computers, there has been a furious race for quantum technologies in academia and industry. Quantum cryptography is an important tool for achieving security services during quantum communication. Designated verifier signature, a variant of quantum cryptography, is very useful in applications like the Internet of Things (IoT) and auctions. An identity-based quantum-designated verifier signature (QDVS) scheme is suggested in this work. Our protocol features security attributes like eavesdropping, non-repudiation, designated verification, and hiding sources attacks. Additionally, it is protected from attacks on forgery, inter-resending, and impersonation. The proposed scheme benefits from the traditional designated verifier signature schemes. In the proposed scheme, the signer encrypts a message with his or her private key, and the designated verifier validates the accompanying QDVS using the signer’s public key, which is the signer’s name or email address, which makes the quantum signature system’s key management simpler. It uses an entangled state while signing and verifying the signature; however, the verifier is not required to compare quantum states. A detailed comparison analysis with other similar schemes provides more security for the proposed scheme. Furthermore, the proposed scheme’s effectiveness and feasibility are validated using quantum simulations.
Abstract Designated verifier signature (DVS) schemes can be applied in many scenes, such as E-voting and E-bidding use DVS attributes to protect the secret of participants. Most traditional DVS schemes are vulnerable to quantum computer attacks. Then, an identity-based semi-trusted third-party quantum DVS (STQDVS) scheme is proposed, which is safe for quantum means of attack. In new STQDVS scheme, the third participant prepares entangled Bell states and allocates them to the signer and the designated verifier (DV). The signer uses the identity information as her public key and the measurement results of corresponding quantum sequences as her private key to generate the signature. The DV applies the identity information as his public key and the measurement results of corresponding quantum sequences as her private key to verify the signature. Non-transferability and hidden origin are guaranteed by the fact that the DV can generate the same signature as the signatory by means of a simulated signature step. Security analysis has shown that attacks such as forgery, inter-resending, and impersonation are ineffective for the proposed scheme and that even third-party cannot forge signatures. On the other hand, the whole process of the scheme does not require any quantum key distribution protocols, quantum one-way functions, and quantum state exchange tests, which makes the STQDVS scheme relatively simple and more efficient than similar schemes.
As an important branch of quantum-secure multiparty computation, quantum-secure multiparty summation enables participants to complete the summation of their inputs without revealing their own secrets. In this paper, a new multiparty quantum secure summation protocol based on locally indistinguishable orthogonal product (LIOP) states is proposed. Leveraging the properties of LIOP states, participants can successfully accomplish the summation of their secrets with the assistance of a semi-honest third party (TP). The present protocol is shown to effectively resist certain existing attacks. Furthermore, complex operations and entanglement resources are not required in the proposed protocol. We anticipate that these results will contribute positively to the future development of quantum-secure multiparty computation.