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Physica Scripta

Asymmetricity in fluorescence peaks of a three level Λ-type quantum emitter placed near a spherical metal nanoparticle

Abhay Mishra

Published Aug 16, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract A generalized master equation is derived here for a hybrid three level Λ-type quantum emitter-metal nanoparticle (MNP) system in the presence of strong external fields. With this new master equation, we show the spectral reshaping of the fluorescence peaks leading to asymmetric peak heights. This asymmetricity is attributed to dressed state-reservoir coupling and strong coherent fields. The coupling of reservoir with dressed states results in different sampling of local density of states (LDOS) of the vacuum field by dressed state transitions, giving different transition probabilities to each peak. We have further explored the directional features of the resonance fluorescence spectrum in the hybrid system. These observations of spectral reshaping in a three-level-MNP system opens new directions for studying tunable electromagnetically induced transparency utilizing ‘tailored vacuum’ in quantum plasmonics.

DOI
10.1088/1402-4896/ad706f

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Abstract A generalized master equation is derived here for a hybrid three level Λ-type quantum emitter-metal nanoparticle (MNP) system in the presence of strong external fields. With this new master equation, we show the spectral reshaping of the fluorescence peaks leading to asymmetric peak heights. This asymmetricity is attributed to dressed state-reservoir coupling and strong coherent fields. The coupling of reservoir with dressed states results in different sampling of local density of states (LDOS) of the vacuum field by dressed state transitions, giving different transition probabilities to each peak. We have further explored the directional features of the resonance fluorescence spectrum in the hybrid system. These observations of spectral reshaping in a three-level-MNP system opens new directions for studying tunable electromagnetically induced transparency utilizing ‘tailored vacuum’ in quantum plasmonics.
The metal nanoparticle (MNP) can lead to significant reshaping of spectral features in the three level Λ system. For this a master equation is derived with the Born-Markov approximation, but in place of bare states, it’s the dressed states transitions which are coupled to reservoir. This master equation gives many new interesting terms which are not present in traditionally derived master equations. The dressed state-reservoir coupling results in sampling of Local density of states (LDOS) by the dressed state transitions causing asymmetricity in the spectrum.
We theoretically study the resonance fluorescence spectrum of a three-level quantum emitter coupled to a spherical metallic nanoparticle. We consider the case in which the quantum emitter is driven by a single laser field along one of the optical transitions. We show that the development of the spectrum depends on the relative orientation of the dipole moments of the optical transitions in relation to the metal nanoparticle. In addition, we demonstrate that the location and width of the peaks in the spectrum are strongly modified by the exciton-plasmon coupling and the laser detuning, allowing one to achieve a controlled strongly subnatural spectral line. A strong antibunching of the fluorescent photons along the undriven transition is also obtained. Our results may be used for creating a tunable source of photons which could be used for a probabilistic entanglement scheme in the field of quantum information processing.
Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) possess the intriguing property of enhancing and limiting the energy of light field to subwavelength scale, which have attracted extensive attention in physics, chemistry, and life sciences. Meanwhile, squeezing is a general concept in quantum optics and can be used to engineer matter interaction scenarios. Here we consider an artificial hybrid molecule consisting of an MNP interacting with a semiconductor quantum dot (QD), combining with a squeezed reservoir. Using experimentally realistic parameters for the MNP-QD architecture and fully quantized approach, we theoretically explore the optical properties of the hybrid molecule driven by an external applied laser field via probing the resonance fluorescence in the steady state. We show that in this way it is possible to engineer and control the peak-value magnitudes, widths, and shapes of the resonance fluorescence spectra under the influence of the squeezed vacuum field without the need for the strong-coupling condition between the MNP and QD. In particular, some interesting phenomena in rich spectral responses are attainable, including Fano-type resonance fluorescence, fluorescence quenching, fluorescence narrowing, and fluorescence enhancement. Our method can also be extended to other nanoscopic structures, such as a plasmonic nanoantenna coupled to an emitter. These unique line shapes obtained here may have potential applications in developing quantum plasmonic platforms and sensitive on-chip devices such as optical switches and sensors.
We investigate excitation dynamics in the system of a quantum dipole emitter (QDE) coupled to a located nearby metal nanoparticle (MNP), which exhibits a dipolar localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance at the frequency of the QDE radiative transition, in the presence of a strong external resonant electromagnetic field. Considering the QDE-field interactions in the regime of strong QDE-field coupling, we show that the feedback provided by the MNP on the QDE (due to the LSP excitation with the field generated by the dipole moment of the QDE transition) influences significantly the coherent process of Rabi oscillations, resulting in the occurrence of additional satellite frequencies in the radiation spectrum scattered by the QDE-MNP configuration. The relative ratio of high harmonics depends strongly on the QDE-MNP separation, an important characteristic feature that can be used for observing this effect and can be exploited, for example, for controlling distances at the nanoscale.
We present a theoretical study of the resonance fluorescence of a four-level double-V\mathsf{V}V-type quantum emitter near a plasmonic nanostructure. The quantum system interacts with two orthogonal circularly polarized laser fields with the same frequency and intensity, but with different phases. For the plasmonic nanostructure we consider a two-dimensional array of metal-coated dielectric nanospheres. We show that the presence of the plasmonic nanostructure leads to strong modification of both the resonance fluorescence spectrum and the transition from antibunching to bunching for the fluorescent photons. In addition, we show that both the resonance fluorescence spectrum and the second-order correlation function are strongly phase-dependent so that the relative phase of laser fields can be used for the efficient control of the resonance fluorescence characteristics. The results are explained by using a dressed-state picture.
Quantum optics provides a fundamental framework for understanding the interaction between light and matter at the quantum level. Recently, it has been shown that under incoherent pumping, the resonance fluorescence spectrum dramatically changes. Engineering the resonance fluorescence spectrum paves the way towards solid-state-based single-photon sources. In this paper, we start by reviewing and reproducing some of the results concerning the resonance fluorescence spectrum, single-photon sources, dressed-state lasers, and luminescence spectrum of a quantum dot in a microcavity. Photon correlations in quantum optical systems and spectral properties of radiation emitted by atomic and semiconductor systems interacting with external fields are investigated. The well known Mollow triplet structure of the emission spectrum is discussed, together with the role of dressed states in explaining the origin of the three spectral peaks. Furthermore, the luminescence spectra of quantum emitters coupled to microcavities are reviewed. The numerical results presented here contribute to the theoretical understanding of resonance fluorescence, photon correlations, and engineered emission in quantum optical systems. These studies highlight the rich physical properties arising from light matter interaction at the quantum level and demonstrate their relevance for emerging quantum technologies.