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Photonics

Controlling Resonance Fluorescence Spectra and Photon Statistics in a Driven V-Type Quantum Emitter—Metal Nanoparticle Coupled Structure

Spyridon G. Kosionis, Vassilios Yannopapas, Ioannis Thanopulos, Emmanuel Paspalakis

Published Sep 2, 2022• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the resonant fluorescence emission spectrum and the intensity-intensity correlations of the emitted fluorescent field by a V-type quantum emitter (QE) which is located near a metal nanosphere. For the description of the studied phenomena, we use the density matrix equations methodology combined with electromagnetic calculations and obtain results for the profile of the resonant fluorescence spectrum and the second-order correlation functions associated with the fluorescent photons. The decay rates and the coupling term exhibit a strong dependence on the distance that separates the QE from the metal nanoparticle. This distance also influences the resonance fluorescence of the V-type QE. We find that, in the general case, the resonant fluorescence spectrum is composed of five Lorentzian-type peaks, for high interparticle distances, while, when the QE is located very close to the surface of the nanosphere, the central resonance becomes dominant, and a single-peaked spectral profile appears. The two-time correlation functions of the fluorescent photons evolve in an oscillatory manner around unity, for non-zero time delay, with a period that decreases with the increase of the field intensity. In the strong driving field regime, the antibunching to bunching crossing time does not depend on the interparticle distance, contrary to the results found in the weak driving field regime. We also find that, for a weak laser field and under specific conditions, the second-order correlation functions constantly remain in the antibunching region.

DOI
10.3390/photonics9090629

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We study the resonant fluorescence emission spectrum and the intensity-intensity correlations of the emitted fluorescent field by a V-type quantum emitter (QE) which is located near a metal nanosphere. For the description of the studied phenomena, we use the density matrix equations methodology combined with electromagnetic calculations and obtain results for the profile of the resonant fluorescence spectrum and the second-order correlation functions associated with the fluorescent photons. The decay rates and the coupling term exhibit a strong dependence on the distance that separates the QE from the metal nanoparticle. This distance also influences the resonance fluorescence of the V-type QE. We find that, in the general case, the resonant fluorescence spectrum is composed of five Lorentzian-type peaks, for high interparticle distances, while, when the QE is located very close to the surface of the nanosphere, the central resonance becomes dominant, and a single-peaked spectral profile appears. The two-time correlation functions of the fluorescent photons evolve in an oscillatory manner around unity, for non-zero time delay, with a period that decreases with the increase of the field intensity. In the strong driving field regime, the antibunching to bunching crossing time does not depend on the interparticle distance, contrary to the results found in the weak driving field regime. We also find that, for a weak laser field and under specific conditions, the second-order correlation functions constantly remain in the antibunching region.
We analyze the two-time intensity correlation function of the fluorescent field emitted by a three-level V-type quantum emitter located in the vicinity of a two-dimensional periodic plasmonic nanostructure. Due to the interaction of the quantum emitter with an electromagnetic field, the ground state population is excited to the upper levels, presenting decay due to spontaneous emission. The distinctive characteristic of this system is that the decay rates for a quantum emitter with dipole orientation perpendicular and normal to the surface of the nanostructure array exhibit large differences which vary with the distance between the quantum emitter and the two-dimensional nanoparticle array. This leads to simulation of quantum interference effects in spontaneous emission. By studying the dependence of the two-time intensity correlation function on specific physical parameters of the hybrid structure, including the intensity of the applied field, the detuning from resonance, the distance between the quantum emitter and the plasmonic nanostructure, as well as the spacing between the upper levels, we demonstrate a strong modification of the two-time intensity correlation functions. We also identify the conditions under which the two-time intensity correlation function is maximized, an effect which is associated to the bunching to antibunching transition of the emitted photons.
We theoretically study the resonance fluorescence spectrum of a three-level quantum emitter coupled to a spherical metallic nanoparticle. We consider the case in which the quantum emitter is driven by a single laser field along one of the optical transitions. We show that the development of the spectrum depends on the relative orientation of the dipole moments of the optical transitions in relation to the metal nanoparticle. In addition, we demonstrate that the location and width of the peaks in the spectrum are strongly modified by the exciton-plasmon coupling and the laser detuning, allowing one to achieve a controlled strongly subnatural spectral line. A strong antibunching of the fluorescent photons along the undriven transition is also obtained. Our results may be used for creating a tunable source of photons which could be used for a probabilistic entanglement scheme in the field of quantum information processing.
We present a theoretical study of the resonance fluorescence of a four-level double-V\mathsf{V}V-type quantum emitter near a plasmonic nanostructure. The quantum system interacts with two orthogonal circularly polarized laser fields with the same frequency and intensity, but with different phases. For the plasmonic nanostructure we consider a two-dimensional array of metal-coated dielectric nanospheres. We show that the presence of the plasmonic nanostructure leads to strong modification of both the resonance fluorescence spectrum and the transition from antibunching to bunching for the fluorescent photons. In addition, we show that both the resonance fluorescence spectrum and the second-order correlation function are strongly phase-dependent so that the relative phase of laser fields can be used for the efficient control of the resonance fluorescence characteristics. The results are explained by using a dressed-state picture.
The photon-number statistics from resonance fluorescence of a two-level atom near a metal nanosphere driven by a laser field with finite bandwidth is studied theoretically. Our analysis shows that all interesting physics here takes place in a small area around the nanosphere where the near field and the atom-nanosphere coupling essentially affect the radiative properties of the atom. Computer modeling estimates this area roughly as $r\ensuremath{\le}2a$ (r(r(r is the distance from the center of the nanosphere to the atom), with aaa being the radius of the nanosphere. At the larger distances, the influence of the nanoparticle vanishes and the atom tends to behave similarly to that in free space. It is shown that the distribution function p(n,T)p(n,T)p(n,T) of the emission probability of nnn photons in a given time interval TTT in steady-state resonance fluorescence drastically depends on the atom location around the nanosphere for $r\ensuremath{\le}2a$, featuring a characteristic twist in the ridgelike dependence and a convergence time of up to $9\ensuremath{\mu}\text{s}$, two orders of magnitude slower than for the atom in free space. At large distances, the distribution converges to a Gaussian one, as for the atom in free space. The typical convergence time scale at large distances r>2ar>2ar>2a tends to the convergence time of the atom in free space. There are also two areas symmetrical around the nanosphere in which $\ensuremath{\Omega}\ensuremath{\sim}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and the convergence time goes to zero. This behavior is determined by the interplay of the radiative and nonradiative decay rates of the atom due to the coupling with the metal nanosphere and by the near-field intensity. Additional parameters are the normalized laser frequency detuning from the atomic resonance and the bandwidth of the incoming laser field.
Abstract It is demonstrated that the interaction of a two-level quantum emitter (atom, molecule, etc) with a plasmonic nanoparticle (prolate nanospheroid) in an external laser field features either an essential increase (up to a few orders of magnitude) or reduction (up to a few times) of the total decay rate of the emitter in specific areas around the nanoparticle in contrast to its decay rate in a vacuum. It is also shown that the resonance fluorescence spectrum of the emitter in close proximity to a plasmonic nanoparticle is very sensitive to both the location of the emitter around the nanoparticle and to polarization of the near-field, which depends in turn on the polarization of the incident laser field. This can be used in engineering potential quantum optics experiments with quantum emitters in the near-field, as well as for 3D nanoscopy of the near-field by registering the resonance fluorescence spectra of quantum emitters scattered in the vicinity of a plasmonic nanoparticle.
We study the spectrum and statistical properties of photons scattered from a semiconductor-quantum-dot--metal-nanoparticle system under monochromatic and bichromatic excitations. We rely on the Bloch equation to describe the evolution of the density matrix of the quantum dot. We pay attention to the self-interaction of the quantum dot in the presence of the nanoparticle. Going beyond the dipole approximation, we show that the system exhibits optical responses of different character in different regions of the quantum dot dipole moment versus the nanoparticle radius phase diagram. In the strong transition and bistability regions, upon changing the initial state, a pronounced fluorescence spectrum may become a faint one, and an oscillatory intensity-intensity correlation may become a monotonically increasing one. The amplitudes, frequencies, and phases of the laser fields tailor the number, position, height, and width of the peaks of the fluorescence spectrum. The antibunched light as well as the sub-Poissonian light can be generated. Our results suggest that in view of solid-state-based sources of nonclassical light, a hybrid quantum-dot--nanoparticle system may be superior to an isolated quantum dot.