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Chinese Optics Letters

Photonics-assisted joint radar jamming and secure communication in the millimeter-wave band based on CE-LFM-OFDM

Dongju Du, Yanyi Wang, Yingxiong Song, Nan Ye, Zhengxuan Li, Qianwu Zhang, Junjie Zhang, Jian Chen, Bingyao Cao, Jianjun Yu

Published Jan 1, 2024• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper reports a photonics-assisted millimeter-wave (mm-wave) joint radar jamming and secure communication system constructed through a photonic upconversion technique.In the experiments, a 30 GHz constant envelope linear frequency-modulated orthogonal frequency division modulation (CE-LFM-OFDM) signal with an instantaneous bandwidth of 1 GHz is synthesized by encoding 1 GBaud encrypted 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) OFDM signal.The velocity deception jamming is achieved with a spurious suppression ratio over 30 dB.Furthermore, we efficiently execute range deception jamming with a time shift of 10 ns.Simultaneously, the encrypted 16-QAM OFDM signal is successfully transmitted over a 1.2 m wireless link, with a data rate of 4 Gbit/s.

DOI
10.3788/col202422.063902

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This paper reports a photonics-assisted millimeter-wave (mm-wave) joint radar jamming and secure communication system constructed through a photonic upconversion technique.In the experiments, a 30 GHz constant envelope linear frequency-modulated orthogonal frequency division modulation (CE-LFM-OFDM) signal with an instantaneous bandwidth of 1 GHz is synthesized by encoding 1 GBaud encrypted 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) OFDM signal.The velocity deception jamming is achieved with a spurious suppression ratio over 30 dB.Furthermore, we efficiently execute range deception jamming with a time shift of 10 ns.Simultaneously, the encrypted 16-QAM OFDM signal is successfully transmitted over a 1.2 m wireless link, with a data rate of 4 Gbit/s.
The integration of wideband electronic attack (EA) and electronic protection (EP) is a growing concern in electronic countermeasures (ECMs) as wireless technology advances. However, electronic hardware in conventional ECMs already approaches its bandwidth ceiling, making the solutions for high-performance, scalable, and reconfigurable optical signal processing extremely imperative, such as photonic RF memory (PRFM). This work demonstrates a phase–amplitude evolution mechanism in PRFM, where phase evolution enables radar range deception and amplitude evolution serves to scramble and diffuse the optical quantum noise for enhanced communication security. Founded on this, a novel microwave photonic front-end using orthogonal polarizations was developed and experimentally executed. In EA tasks, a 12-GHz optical frequency comb (OFC) signal was cyclically stored for$1000~\mu $s with high fidelity, creating 400 range false targets. Thanks to the Doppler frequency replication based on coherent OFC technology, the number of range–velocity compound 2-D false targets increased to 4400 (400×11400\times 11400×11). In EP tasks, a 4-Gbaud QPSK signal was initially encrypted into a2162^{16}216-QAM/quantum noise stream cipher (QNSC) signal and underwent 200 security adjustments in the loop at an 8% error vector magnitude (EVM) penalty, resulting in a nearly fourfold privacy improvement. Tuning of the number of circulations can compatibly reconstruct the jamming and security levels. Furthermore, an SNR monitoring probe was involved in the case of radar intrusion into communications, prompting communication tasks to adaptively respond to the threats. Therefore, our scheme pioneers the first integration of signal storage, 2-D radar jamming, private communication, security reconfiguration, and adaptive risk response in a wideband microwave photonic front-end, strongly addressing the reinforcement need of future ECMs.
Security enhancement is a major challenge in future 6G wireless networks. In this study, we have introduced a symmetric-key encryption system, which utilizes multilevel signaling, for the security of microwave signals against wireless interception. The system achieves quantum-noise signal masking at microwave frequencies via optical-tomicrowave frequency conversion based on the homodyne process, thus providing high signal security. We show experimental demonstrations of quantum-noise randomized phase-shift keying modulation/quadrature amplitude modulation cipher generation at a frequency of ~GHz via the intensity modulation/direct detection analog intermediate frequency over fiber transmission. The proposed system simultaneously achieves microwave signal delivery over a fiber link and signal encryption based on sufficient quantum-noise signal masking for wireless communication systems.
In this Letter, we propose a secure orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission scheme based on chaotic encryption and noise-masking key distribution. With the implementation of a three-dimensional digital chaotic system, the security performance is effectively enhanced by scrambling the phase, symbol, and subcarrier frequency of the OFDM signal. The proposed noise-masking key distribution can mask the key information of the chaotic system into noise and transmit it with the chaotic encrypted signal simultaneously. By this mechanism, the legal receiver can realize uninterrupted authentication and decryption even if the key is constantly updated. Transmission of a 62.2-Gb/s quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and 124.4-Gb/s 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) OFDM signal over a 2-km 7-core fiber using the proposed scheme is experimentally demonstrated. The results show that the proposed scheme can realize security enhancement and cost-effective key distribution without significant bit error ratio (BER) performance degradation.
We study security solutions for dual-functional radar communication (DFRC) systems, which detect the radar target and communicate with downlink cellular users in millimeter-wave (mmWave) wireless networks simultaneously. Uniquely for such scenarios, the radar target is regarded as a potential eavesdropper which might surveil the information sent from the base station (BS) to communication users (CUs), that is carried by the radar probing signal. Transmit waveform and receive beamforming are jointly designed to maximize the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the radar under the security and power budget constraints. We apply a Directional Modulation (DM) approach to exploit constructive interference (CI), where the known multiuser interference (MUI) can be exploited as a source of useful signal. Moreover, to further deteriorate the eavesdropping signal at the radar target, we utilize destructive interference (DI) by pushing the received symbols at the target towards the destructive region of the signal constellation. Our numerical results verify the effectiveness of the proposed design showing a secure transmission with enhanced performance against benchmark DFRC techniques.
Securing data transmission against eavesdropping is a critical requirement in modern communication systems. Beyond traditional encryption methods, physical-layer techniques that exploit the physics of electromagnetic wave propagation have emerged as promising solutions for enhancing security. However, existing physical-layer security approaches typically do not inherently prevent eavesdropping from listeners positioned along the line-of-sight path. Here, we propose, simulate, and experimentally demonstrate a line-of-sight physical-layer security scheme that employs a longitudinally structured artificial-noisecarrying beam co-propagating with the data-carrying signal beam. This noise beam spatially overlaps the signal beam throughout the propagation path but undergoes significant spatial broadening only near the legitimate receiver, resulting in a low-intensity noise region at the receiver's aperture. Consequently, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) exhibits a tailored distance dependence, enabling successful data recovery only at the intended receiver's location while significantly degrading reception elsewhere. We demonstrate the feasibility of this approach across diverse electromagnetic carrier frequencies through proof-of-concept wireless experiments: a 120-Gbit/s 16-QAM optical link at 1550 nm and a 20-Gbit/s QPSK sub-terahertz link at 300 GHz. The measured SNR values along the propagation path outside the designed receiver region remain at least 17 dB lower than those at the receiver's aperture.