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SPIE Conference on Nonlinear Optics and its Applications

Aharonov-Bohm effect in the time domain

Moti Fridman

Published Jun 20, 2024• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Temporal optics revolutionize the field of ultrafast detection with time-lens and time-stretch schemes. We developed a temporal interferometer that enables us to measure ultrafast phase shifts. With this interferometer, we measured phase shifts of correlated beams traveling in different temporal trajectories. This allows us to demonstrate the Aharonov-Bohm effect in the time domain. We developed the theoretical basis of this temporal Aharonov-Bohm effect and showed it in experimental measurements. In the talk, we will explain this effect, describe the experimental setup, and show the results.

DOI
10.1117/12.3016508

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Temporal optics revolutionize the field of ultrafast detection with time-lens and time-stretch schemes. We developed a temporal interferometer that enables us to measure ultrafast phase shifts. With this interferometer, we measured phase shifts of correlated beams traveling in different temporal trajectories. This allows us to demonstrate the Aharonov-Bohm effect in the time domain. We developed the theoretical basis of this temporal Aharonov-Bohm effect and showed it in experimental measurements. In the talk, we will explain this effect, describe the experimental setup, and show the results.
In the Aharonov-Bohm effect, charged particles accumulate a phase as they travel in space, encircling a source of magnetic flux. We develop a temporal analog of the Aharonov-Bohm effect, where the photons' path is in the time-domain instead of the spatial domain, and moreover demonstrate it experimentally with entangled photon pairs rather than single, uncorrelated quanta. Relying on the temporal SU(1,1) interferometer, the constructed interferometric scheme excels in its temporal resolution and sensitivity. This system can be applied for quantum-enhanced measurements, metrology at GHz frequencies, advanced sensing of dispersion properties, and high-precision temporal measurements.
Temporal optics, and specifically time-lenses and time-stretch systems, revolutionized the field of ultrafast measurements. Over the last years, we utilized time-lenses to measure different quantum schemes and studied the temporal modes of correlated photons with high temporal resolution. We developed temporal schemes based on quantum light, for realizing quantum tomography in the time-domain. We developed low-resolution time-lenses for weak quantum measurements. Finally, we suggest how quantum time-lens can lead to optical deep learning systems. In the talk, I will give an overview of the different types of quantum temporal schemes, elaborate on the future challenges in the field, and discuss the prospects and future applications which may be possible.
Time-lenses can image ultrafast signals in time. Placing them in a 2-f configuration leads to Fourier transform of the input signal and ultrafast spectroscopy. We utilized two time-lenses in a 4-f configuration and formed an interferometer in the time domain. Our time lenses are based on four-wave mixing process, generating an idler beam which serves as the output. The output from the first time-lens is the input to the second time-lens. At the output of the second time-lens, we get an interference between the signal beams of both time-lenses and the idler beams of both time-lenses. This interference is sensitive to ultrafast phase shifts in time and can lead to interfere signals in different times. This interferometer is good for quantum imaging, and studying the temporal structure of entangled photons. In this talk we will demonstrate the interferometer, how we exploit time-lenses for interferometry, the application of the interferometer, and our experimental results.
In this proceeding, we expand upon our recent work on the temporal Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect, focusing on the joint temporal function (JSF) analysis to enhance the sensitivity and understanding of the system’s performance. Our original paper demonstrated the existence of a temporal analog of the Aharonov-Bohm effect using entangled photons and a temporal SU(1,1) interferometer. Here, we provide a more detailed exploration of the JSF, highlighting its role in improving signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) and its impact on measuring fast phase changes with enhanced temporal resolution. By leveraging the quantum properties of the system and utilizing the JSF between the signal and idler beams, we show that this approach allows for unprecedented sensitivity in detecting temporal phase shifts. This proceeding will also discuss how the JSF contributes to the interferometer’s ability to resolve femto-second dynamics and its potential applications for simulating space-time phenomena, including rotating black holes and gravitational frame dragging. Our analysis offers deeper insights into the interplay between the quantum characteristics of the system and its utility for high-precision measurements in spatio-temporal dynamics.
The scalar Aharonov-Bohm effect with a time-dependent magnetic field was investigated for ultracold sodium atoms using the time-domain atom interferometer. The 38 interference fringes with almost the same amplitude verified the nondispersivity of this effect. The measured phase shift as a function of the strength of the applied magnetic field agreed with the predicted one within an accuracy of 3%. With a weak magnetic field orthogonal to the quantization axis, the phase shift was in proportion to the variation of the strength of the resultant magnetic field.