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Real-time Measurements, Rogue Phenomena, and Single-Shot Applications

Quantum temporal optics

Moti Fridman

Published Mar 14, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Temporal optics, and specifically time-lenses and time-stretch systems, revolutionized the field of ultrafast measurements. Over the last years, we utilized time-lenses to measure different quantum schemes and studied the temporal modes of correlated photons with high temporal resolution. We developed temporal schemes based on quantum light, for realizing quantum tomography in the time-domain. We developed low-resolution time-lenses for weak quantum measurements. Finally, we suggest how quantum time-lens can lead to optical deep learning systems. In the talk, I will give an overview of the different types of quantum temporal schemes, elaborate on the future challenges in the field, and discuss the prospects and future applications which may be possible.

DOI
10.1117/12.2650185

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Temporal optics, and specifically time-lenses and time-stretch systems, revolutionized the field of ultrafast measurements. Over the last years, we utilized time-lenses to measure different quantum schemes and studied the temporal modes of correlated photons with high temporal resolution. We developed temporal schemes based on quantum light, for realizing quantum tomography in the time-domain. We developed low-resolution time-lenses for weak quantum measurements. Finally, we suggest how quantum time-lens can lead to optical deep learning systems. In the talk, I will give an overview of the different types of quantum temporal schemes, elaborate on the future challenges in the field, and discuss the prospects and future applications which may be possible.
Time-lenses can image ultrafast signals in time. Placing them in a 2-f configuration leads to Fourier transform of the input signal and ultrafast spectroscopy. We utilized two time-lenses in a 4-f configuration and formed an interferometer in the time domain. Our time lenses are based on four-wave mixing process, generating an idler beam which serves as the output. The output from the first time-lens is the input to the second time-lens. At the output of the second time-lens, we get an interference between the signal beams of both time-lenses and the idler beams of both time-lenses. This interference is sensitive to ultrafast phase shifts in time and can lead to interfere signals in different times. This interferometer is good for quantum imaging, and studying the temporal structure of entangled photons. In this talk we will demonstrate the interferometer, how we exploit time-lenses for interferometry, the application of the interferometer, and our experimental results.
A time-lens can image signals in time and map ultrafast signals from frequency to time. The concept of time-lens is based on the duality between the diffraction of light in space and the dispersion of pulses in time, which arises from the similarity between the equations describing these two phenomena. In this paper we explain how to use time-lenses in order to perform high-resolution temporal imaging on non-classical ultrafast signals. Such a scheme can be used e.g. for diagnosing quantum cryptography schemes on optical fiber networks or assessing the performance of photonic quantum computers and simulators.
Temporal optics revolutionize the field of ultrafast detection with time-lens and time-stretch schemes. We developed a temporal interferometer that enables us to measure ultrafast phase shifts. With this interferometer, we measured phase shifts of correlated beams traveling in different temporal trajectories. This allows us to demonstrate the Aharonov-Bohm effect in the time domain. We developed the theoretical basis of this temporal Aharonov-Bohm effect and showed it in experimental measurements. In the talk, we will explain this effect, describe the experimental setup, and show the results.
Interferometers are highly sensitive to phase differences and are utilized in numerous schemes. Of special interest is the quantum SU(1,1) interferometer which is able to improve the sensitivity of classical interferometers. We theoretically develop and experimentally demonstrate a temporal SU(1,1) interferometer based on two time lenses in a 4f configuration. This temporal SU(1,1) interferometer has a high temporal resolution, imposes interference on both time and spectral domains, and is sensitive to the phase derivative which is important for detecting ultrafast phase changes. Therefore, this interferometer can be utilized for temporal mode encoding, imaging, and studying the ultrafast temporal structure of quantum light.
Quantum light is considered to be one of the key resources of the coming second quantum revolution expected to give rise to groundbreaking technologies and applications. If the spatio-temporal and polarization structure of modes is known, the properties of quantum light are well understood. This information provides the basis for contemporary quantum optics and its applications in quantum communication and metrology. However, thinking about quantum light at the most fundamental timescale, namely the oscillation cycle of a mode or the inverse frequency of an involved photon, we realize that the corresponding picture has been missing until now. For instance, how to comprehend and characterize a single photon at this timescale? To fill this gap, we demonstrate theoretically how local quantum measurements allow to reconstruct and visualize a quantum field under study at subcycle scales, even when its temporal mode structure is a priori unknown. In particular, generation and tomography of ultrabroadband squeezed states as well as photon-subtracted states derived from them are described, incorporating also single-photon states. Our results set a cornerstone in the emerging chapter of quantum physics termed time-domain quantum optics. We expect this development to elicit new spectroscopic concepts for approaching e.g. fundamental correlations and entanglement in the dynamics of quantum matter, overcoming the temporal limitation set by the oscillation cycles of both light and elementary excitations.